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Liquid Ammonia
 
Liquid Ammonia
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There are numerous entries under volatile in the Pharmacopeia and Compendium, and while the volatile listed in the import/export data is liquid ammonia, the distinction is not made clear in the medical texts. This entry contains information on item listed under volatile, sal volatile, or any liquid form of ammonia.
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Ammonia was included in a large assortment of remedies in the Pharmacopeia, and in the Compendium it was included as an antispasmodic, and as a stimulant. It was used in the treatment of fevers, diarrhoea, fainting (in the form of smelling salts), sore throat, sea-sickness, convulsions, hiccups, and hooping-cough.
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==British Pharmacopoeia 1867==
 
==British Pharmacopoeia 1867==
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Latest revision as of 12:24, 8 September 2016


Volatile

Sal Volatile

Liquid Ammonia

There are numerous entries under volatile in the Pharmacopeia and Compendium, and while the volatile listed in the import/export data is liquid ammonia, the distinction is not made clear in the medical texts. This entry contains information on item listed under volatile, sal volatile, or any liquid form of ammonia.

Ammonia was included in a large assortment of remedies in the Pharmacopeia, and in the Compendium it was included as an antispasmodic, and as a stimulant. It was used in the treatment of fevers, diarrhoea, fainting (in the form of smelling salts), sore throat, sea-sickness, convulsions, hiccups, and hooping-cough.


British Pharmacopoeia 1867

Volatile (liquid ammonia) Latin

Entries made for solution of ammonia and other entries for ammonia. Not called volatile in the Pharmacopoeia.

“Ammoniacal gas…, dissolved in water” [1]

Preparations of Ammonia

Aconitia / Aconitia [2]

  • aconite root, in coarse powder (14 lbs), rectified spirit (as needed), distilled water (as needed), solution of ammonia (as needed), pure ether (as needed), diluted sulphuric acid (as needed)
  • used in preparations of Unguentum Aconitiae

Benzoate of Ammonia / Ammoniae Benzoas[3]

  • Solution of ammonia (3 fl oz, as needed), benzoic acid (2 oz), distilled water (4 oz)
  • “In colourless laminar crystals, soluble in water and in alcohol.”
  • dose: 10-20 grains

Carbonate of Ammonia / Ammoniae Carbonas[4]

  • syn: ammoniae sesquicarbonas
  • “A volatile and pungent ammonical salt, produced by submitting a mixture of sulphate of ammonia or chloride of ammonium and carbonate of lime to sublimation.”
  • “A translucent crystalline masses, with a strong ammoniacal odour, and alkaline reaction; soluble in cold water, more sparingly in spirit.”
  • dose: 3-10 grains
  • used in preparations of: Liquor Ammoniae Acetatis, Spiritus Ammoniae aromaticus

Phosphate of Ammonia / Ammoniae Phosphas [5]

  • diluted phosphoric acid (20 fl oz), strong solution of ammonia (as needed)
  • “In transparent colourless prisms. Soluble in water, insoluble in rectified spirit.”
  • dose: 5-20 grains

Chloride of Ammonia / Ammonii Chloridum[6]

  • syn: ammoniae hydrochloras, ammonia murias, sal ammoniac
  • “May be formed by neutralising hydrochloric acid with ammonia and evaporating to dryness. It is usually prepared by sublimation… In colourless inodorous translucent fibrous masses, tough, and difficult to powder; soluble in water and in rectified spirit”
  • dose: 5-20 grains

Sulphate of Beberia / Beberiae Sulphas[7]

  • bebeeru bark, in coarse powder (1 lb), sulphuric acid (1/2 fl oz), slaked lime (3/4 oz, or as needed), solution of ammonia (as needed), rectified spirit (16 fl oz, or as needed), diluted sulphuric acid (as needed), water (1 gal), distilled water (as needed)
  • “In dark brown thin translucent cales, yellow when in powder, with a strong bitter taste, soluble in water and in alcohol.”
  • dose: 1-10 grains

Carbonate of Bismuth / Bismuth Carbonas[8]

  • Purified Bismuth in small pieces (2 oz), nitric acid (4 fl oz), carbonate of ammonia (6 oz), distilled water (as needed)
  • “A white powder, blackened by sulphurretted hydrogen; insoluble in water, but soluble with effervescence in nitric acid.”
  • dose: 5-20 grains

Phosphate of Lime / Calcis Phosphas[9]

  • bone ash (4 oz), hydrochloric acid (6 fl oz), water (2 pints), solution of ammonia (12 fl oz, or as needed), distilled water (as needed)
  • “A light white amorphous powder, insoluble in water, but soluble without effervescence in diluted nitric acid.”
  • dose: 10-20 grains

Oxalate of Cerium / Cerii Oxalas[10]

  • “A salt which may be obtained as a precipitate by adding solution of oxalate of ammonia to a soluble salt of cerium.”
  • dose: 1-2 grains

Digitalin / Digitalinum[11]

  • digitalis leaf, in coarse powder (40 oz), rectified spirit (as needed), distilled water (as needed), acetic acid (as needed), purified animal charcoal (as needed), solution of ammonia (as needed), tannic acid (as needed), oxide of lead, in fine powder (as needed), pure ether (as needed)
  • “In porous mammillated massed or small scales, white, inodorous, and intensely bitter; readily soluble in spirit, but almost insoluble in water and in pure ether.”
  • dose: 1/60 – 1/30 grains

Saccharated Carbonate of Iron / Ferri Carbonas Saccharata [12]

  • sulphate of iron (2 oz), carbonate of ammonia (1 ¼ oz), boiling distilled water (2 gal), refined sugar ( oz)
  • “Small coherent lumps of grey colour with a sweet very feeble chalybeate taste.”
  • dose: 5-20 grains
  • used in the preparation of Pilula Ferri Carbonatis

Citrate of Iron and Ammonia / Ferri et Ammonia [13]

  • syn: ferri ammonia-citras
  • solution of persulphate of iron (8 fl oz), solution of ammonia (19 ½ fl oz), citric acid (4 oz), distilled water (as needed)
  • In think transparent scales of a deep red colour, slightly sweetish and astringent in taste.”
  • dose: 5-10 grains

Citrate of Iron and Quinia / Ferri et Quiniae Citras [14]

  • solution of persulphate or iron (4 ½ fl oz), sulphate of quinia (1 oz), diluted sulphuric acid (12 fl drachms), citric acid (3 oz), solution of ammonia (as needed), distilled water (as needed)
  • dose: 5-10 grains

Tartarated Iron / Ferrum Tartaratum [15]

  • solution of persulphate of iron (5 ½ fl oz), solution of ammonia (10 fl oz), acid tartrate of potash, in powder (2 oz), distilled water (as needed)
  • dose: 5-10 grains

Ammoniated Mercury / Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum [16]

  • perchloride of mercury (3 oz), solution of ammonia (4 fl oz), distilled water (3 pints)

Liniment of Ammonia / Linimentum Ammoniae [17]

  • solution of ammonia (1 fl oz), olive oil (3 fl oz)

Compound Liniment of Camphor / Linimentum Comphorae Compositum[18]

  • camphor (2 1.2 oz), oil of lavender (1 fl drachm), strong solution of ammonia (5 fl oz), rectified sporot (15 fl oz)

Liniment of Mercury / Linimentum Hydrargyri [19]

  • ointment of mercury (1 oz), solution of ammonia (1 fl oz), liniment of camphor (1 fl oz)

Solution of Ammonia / Liquor Ammoniae[20]

  • strong solution of ammonia (1 pint), distilled water (2 pints)

Solution of Acetate of Ammonia / Liquor Ammoniae Acetatis[21]

  • acetic acid (10 fl oz), carbonated of ammonia (3 ¼ oz, or as needed), distilled water (2 ½ pints)
  • dose: 2-6 fl drachm

Solution of Citrate of Ammonia / Liquor Ammoniae Citratis[22]

  • citric acid (3 oz), strong solution of ammonia (2 ¾ oz, or as needed), distilled water (1 pint)
  • dose: 2-6 fl drachm

Strong Solution of Ammonia / Liquor Ammoniae Fortior[23]

  • “Ammoniacal gas… dissolved in water, and constituting 32.5% per cent of the solution”
  • Chloride of ammonium, in coarse powder (3 lb), slaked lime (4 lb), distilled water (32 fluid oz)
  • “A colourless liquid, with a characteristic and very pungent odour, and strong alkalai reaction.”
  • used in the preparations of: ammoniae Phosphas, Linimentum Camphorae compositum, Liquor Ammonia, Liquor Ammonia Citras, Spiritus Ammoniae aromaticus, Tinctura Opii Ammoniata

Solution of Citrate of Bismuth and Ammonia / Liquor Bismuthi et Ammoniae Citratis[24]

  • purified bismuth (430 grains), nitric acid (2 fl oz), citric acid (2 oz), solution of ammonia (as needed), distilled water (as needed)
  • dose: ½-1 fl drachm

Acetate of Morphia / Morphiae Acetas[25] 213

  • hydrochloate of morphia (2 oz), solution of ammonia (as needed), acetic acid (as needed), distilled water (as needed)
  • dose: 1/8 – ½ grain

Hydrochlorate of Morphia / Morphiae Hydrochloras[26]

  • opium, sliced (1 lb), chloride of calcium (3/4 oz), purified animal charcoal (1/4 oz), diluted hydrochloric acid (2 fl oz, or as needed), solution of ammonia (as needed), distilled water (as needed)
  • dose: 1/8-1/2 grain

Santoninum / Santonin [27]

  • santonica, bruised (1 lb), slaked lime (7 oz), hydrochloric acid (as needed), solution of ammonia (1/2 fl oz), rectified spirit (14 fl oz), purified animal charcoal (60 grains), distilled water (as needed)
  • “Colourless flat rhombic prisms, feebly bitter, fusible and sublimable by a moderate heat; scarcely soluble in cold water, sparingly in boiling water, but abundantly in chloroform and in boiling rectified spirit.”
  • dose: 2-6 grains

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia / Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus[28]

  • carbonate of ammonia (8 oz), strong solution of ammonia (4 fl oz), volatile oil of nutmeg (4 fl oz), oil of lemon (6 fl drachm), rectified spirit (6 pints), water (3 pints)
  • dose: 1/2-1 fl drachm

Fetid Spirit of Ammonia / Spiritus Ammoniae Foetidus[29]

  • Assafoetida (1 ½ oz), strong solution of ammonia (2 fl oz), rectified spirit (as needed)
  • ½-1 fl drachm

Strychnia / Strychnia [30]

  • nux vomica (1 lb), acetate of lead (180 grains), solution of ammonia (as needed), rectified spirit (as needed), distilled water (as needed)
  • 1/30-1/12 grain

Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum / Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata[31]

  • Guaiacum Resin, in powder (4 oz), aromatic spirit of ammonia (as needed)
  • dose: ½ -1 fl drachm

Ammoniated Tincture of Opium / Tinctura Opii Ammoniata[32]

  • opium, in coarse powder (100 grains), saffron, cut small (180 grains), benzoic acid (180 grains), oil of anise (1 fl drachm), rectified spirit (16 fl oz)
  • dose: ½-1 fl drachm

Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian / Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata[33]

  • Valerian root, in coarse power (2 ½ oz), aromatic spirit of ammonia (1 pint)
  • dose: ½ - 1 fl drachm

Veratria / Veratria [34]

  • cevadilla (2 lb), distilled water (as needed), rectified spirit (as needed), solution of ammonia (as needed), hydrochloric acid (as needed), purified animal charcoal (60 grains)
  • “pale grey, amorphous, without smell, but, even in the most minute quantity, powerfully irritating the nostrils; strongly and persistently bitter, and highly acrid.”

Wine of Citrate of Iron / Citrate of Iron[35]

  • Citrate of Iron and Ammonia (160 grains), orange wine (1 pint)
  • dose: 1-4 fl drachm

Oxalate of Ammonia / Articles Employed[36]

  • purified oxalic Acid (1 oz), boiling distilled water (8 fl oz), carbonate of ammonia (as needed)

Solution of Ammonio-nitrate of silver / Test Solutions[37]

  • Nitrate of silver, in crystals (1/4 oz), solution of ammonia (1/2 fl oz, or as needed), distilled water (as needed)

Solution of Ammonio-sulphate of Copper / Test Solution[38]

  • sulphate of copper, in crystals (1/2 oz), solution of ammonia (as needed), distilled water (as needed)

Solution of Ammonio-sulphate of Magnesia / Test Solution[39]

  • sulphate of magnesia (1 oz), chloride o ammonium (1/2 oz), solution of ammonia (1/2 fl oz), distilled water (as needed)

Solution of Carbonate of Ammonia / Test Solution [40]

  • carbonate of ammonia in small pieces (1/2 oz), distilled water (10 fl oz)

Solution of Oxalate of Ammonia / Test Solution[41]

  • Oxalate of ammonia (1/2 oz), warm distilled water (1 pint)

Solution of Sulphide of Ammonia / Test Solution[42]

  • Solution of Ammonia (5 fl oz)
  • “Put three fl oz of the ammonia into a bottle, and conduct into this a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen so long as the gas continues to be absorbed; then add the remainder of the ammonia, and transfer the solution to a green-glass bottle furnished with a well-ground stopper.”


A Compendium of Domestic Medicine, 1865

Classified as an Antispasmodic (remedies when remove spasms or colic)[43], and a Stimulant (remedies which speedily increase the frequency of the pulse and the heat of the body)[44]

Is a volatile aromatic spirit, often used to treat “lowness of spirits, hysterical affections, spasms, or fainting fits… sick-headache, and acidity of the stomach that often offends the stomach in dyspeptic persons.” Sal volatile can be used to revive a person from faints, however, Savory indicates that this is should only be an option if other stronger preparations of ammonia are unavailable.[45]

Sal volatile can be used during attempts to revive a drowned person[46]

Remedies Containing or to be used with Sal Volatile

  • Acid, Acetic: can be used to treat acute rheumatism when combined with sal volatile, but the combination is not always necessary[47]
  • Aromatic Confection: sal volatile included in a “Cordial Draught for Relaxed Bowels,” and “Aromatic Powder of Chalk”[48]
  • Bismuth, White: included in “Gastrodynia with Flatulence”[49]
  • Buchu Leaves: included in a mixture used to treat gravel and “general nervousness of the system”[50]
  • Camphor Julep: often used as a vehicle for sal volatile, used to improve the spirits, treat hysterics, and stomach spasms[51]
  • Chalk Mixture, or Julep: combined with sal volatile, aromatic confection, rhubarb, and compound spirit of lavender to form a draught that helps treat “ordinary cases of relaxed bowels”[52]
  • Ether, Rectified: sal volatile included in a mixture used to treat violent spasms[53]
  • Glycerine: combined with sal volatile and other components to make a remedy for baldness caused by fevers or other disease[54]
  • Gregory’s Powder: can be combined with sal volatile to increase stimulant properties[55]
  • Magnesia, Calcined: sal volatile included in a mixture used to treat children suffering from acidity in the stomach, resulting from costiveness, thrush, red gum, &c.[56]
  • Manna: sal volatile included in a treatment for infantile catarrh (cold)[57]
  • Rhubarb, Turkey: sal volatile a part of a mixture used to remove “many disorders to which children are subject,” (acidity in the stomach and intestines for example)[58]
  • Sal Volatile, Camphorated: used to treat “depression of the spirits, heartburn, spasms, palpitations &c.” Also used to treat “ladies who suffer from faintness, hysterics, sickness, or nervous headaches.” Also used as a stimulant to revive someone from fainting. (smelling salts)[59]
  • Spirit of Lavender, Compound: combined with sal volatile to treat nervous headaches[60]
  • Spirit of Sal Volatile: “Spasms of the Stomach” mixture used as an example under spirit of sal volatile entry[61]

Diseases Treated with Sal Volatile

General Diseases

  • Ague, or Intermittent Fever: if, during the first (cold) stage the disease should symptoms suddenly worsen, a mixture containing sal volatile, hoffman’s ether, laudanum, and camphor julep is to be given.[62]
  • Diarrhoea, or Looseness: sal volatile included in a draught that is to be taken in the morning, following a course of treatment the night before.[63]
  • Fainting, or Syncope: volatile salts should be used to rouse the patient, either by holding them under the nose or by rubbing them into the temples. Once awake, the patient is to be given a draught containing wine, cold water, and camphorated sal volatile (or ether).[64]
  • Putrid Sore Throat: compound spirit of ammonia/sal volatile, can be used to stimulate the patient (strengthening?)[65]
  • Sea-Sickness: sal volatile is part of a mixture that has “frequently afforded more relief than all the various remedies extolled for this unpleasant sensation.”[66]
  • Sickness: sal volatile included in a mixture used to treat sickness that is derived from a “chronic debility of the stomach”[67]
  • Convulsions: sal volatile or a tincture of assafoetida is to be administered if a child is exhausted and convulsions continue and the bowels have been “properly cleansed”[68]

Infantile Diseases

  • Red Gum: medical treatment is only required is the stomach or bowels are upset, in which case magnesia or sal volatile can be administered.[69]
  • Hiccup, or Hiccough: common hiccups can be removed from children by drinking a warm carminative that contains sal volatile [70]
  • Hooping, or Chincough: children 2-3 years old can have their hands, soles, spines, and pit of the stomach rubbed with any stimulating and antiseptic liniment, including sal volatile[71]

Medical Articles Containing Sal Volatile

  • Toothache and Anti-Rheumatic Embrocation: sal volatile [72]

Prescriptions Containing Sal Volatile

Antacids

  • Magnesia Mixture, for Infantile Diarrhoea: sal volatile [73]

Antispasmodics

  • Antispasmodic Draughts for Spasms of the Stomach arising from Flatulence (Another): sal volatile[74]

Astringents

  • Astringent Mixture for Diarrhoea of Infants: sal volatile[75]
  • Stimulating Astringent Mixture: sal volatile[76]

Diaphoretics

  • Cordial and Diaphoretic Mixture: sal volatile[77]

Stimulants

  • Stimulant Mixture: sal volatile[78]

Tonics

  • Tonic Mixture: sal volatile[79]
  • Neuralgia of the Face: sal volatile[80]

References

  1. ↑ General Medical Council of Great Britain, British Pharmacopeia, (London: Spottiswoode & Co.,1867), 176 https://archive.org/details/britishpharmacop00gene
  2. ↑ GMCGB, 25-26
  3. ↑ GMCGB, 33
  4. ↑ GMCGB, 34
  5. ↑ GMCGB, 34-35
  6. ↑ GMCGB, 35-36
  7. ↑ GMCGB, 52-54
  8. ↑ GMCGB, 56-57
  9. ↑ GMCGB, 63-64
  10. ↑ GMCGB, 77-78
  11. ↑ GMCGB, 101-02
  12. ↑ GMCGB, 130
  13. ↑ GMCGB, 131-32
  14. ↑ GMCGB, 132-33
  15. ↑ GMCGB, 141-42
  16. ↑ GMCGB, 155
  17. ↑ GMCGB, 171
  18. ↑ GMCGB, 173
  19. ↑ GMCGB, 173-74
  20. ↑ GMCGB, 176
  21. ↑ GMCGB, 177
  22. ↑ GMCGB, 177
  23. ↑ GMCGB, 178
  24. ↑ GMCGB, 182
  25. ↑ GMCGB, 213
  26. ↑ GMCGB, 213-15
  27. ↑ GMCGB, 274-75
  28. ↑ GMCGB, 294
  29. ↑ GMCGB, 295
  30. ↑ GMCGB, 301-02
  31. ↑ GMCGB, 333
  32. ↑ GMCGB, 338
  33. ↑ GMCGB, 344
  34. ↑ GMCGB, 365
  35. ↑ GMCGB, 368
  36. ↑ GMCGB, 382
  37. ↑ GMCGB, 385
  38. ↑ GMCGB, 386
  39. ↑ GMCGB, 386
  40. ↑ GMCGB, 387
  41. ↑ GMCGB, 389
  42. ↑ GMCGB, 391
  43. ↑ Savory, John. A Compendium of Domestic Medicine (London: John Churchill and Sons, 1865), 389. https://books.google.ca/books?id=VxoDAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
  44. ↑ Savory, 394
  45. ↑ Savory, 142
  46. ↑ Savory, 180
  47. ↑ Savory, 2
  48. ↑ Savory, 21
  49. ↑ Savory, 32
  50. ↑ Savory, 34
  51. ↑ Savory, 39
  52. ↑ Savory, 44
  53. ↑ Savory, 59
  54. ↑ Savory, 71
  55. ↑ Savory, 72
  56. ↑ Savory, 99
  57. ↑ Savory, 101
  58. ↑ Savory, 125
  59. ↑ Savory, 131
  60. ↑ Savory, 140
  61. ↑ Savory, 142
  62. ↑ Savory, 204
  63. ↑ Savory, 227
  64. ↑ Savory, 232
  65. ↑ Savory, 249
  66. ↑ Savory, 252
  67. ↑ Savory, 255
  68. ↑ Savory, 268
  69. ↑ Savory, 273
  70. ↑ Savory, 273
  71. ↑ Savory, 274
  72. ↑ Savory, 301
  73. ↑ Savory, 308
  74. ↑ Savory, 317
  75. ↑ Savory, 319
  76. ↑ Savory, 319
  77. ↑ Savory, 327
  78. ↑ Savory, 323
  79. ↑ Savory, 334
  80. ↑ Savory, 335


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