Difference between revisions of "Cloves"
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==British Pharmacopoeia 1867== | ==British Pharmacopoeia 1867== | ||
=== Cloves '' Carophyllum ''=== | === Cloves '' Carophyllum ''=== | ||
| − | “The dried unexpanded flower buds of Caryophyllus aromaticus… Cultivated in Penang, Bencoolen, and Amboyna.” ( | + | “The dried unexpanded flower buds of Caryophyllus aromaticus… Cultivated in Penang, Bencoolen, and Amboyna.” <ref> General Medical Council of Great Britain, ''British Pharmacopeia'', (London: Spottiswoode & Co.,1867), 72 https://archive.org/details/britishpharmacop00gene</ref> |
'''Characteristics''' | '''Characteristics''' | ||
| − | “About six lines long, dark reddish-brown, plump, and heavy, consisting of a nearly cylindrical body surmounted by four teeth and a globular head, with strong fragrant odour, and a bitter spicy pungent taste. It emits oil when indented with the nail.” Used in the preparations of: | + | “About six lines long, dark reddish-brown, plump, and heavy, consisting of a nearly cylindrical body surmounted by four teeth and a globular head, with strong fragrant odour, and a bitter spicy pungent taste. It emits oil when indented with the nail.” Used in the preparations of:<ref>GMCGB, 72</ref> |
* Infusum Aurantii compositum | * Infusum Aurantii compositum | ||
* Infusum Caryophylli | * Infusum Caryophylli | ||
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===Preparations of DRUG === | ===Preparations of DRUG === | ||
| − | ''' Confection of Scammony ''' / Confectio Scammoni | + | ''' Confection of Scammony ''' / Confectio Scammoni<ref>GMCGB, 88-89</ref> |
* scammony, in fine powder (3 oz), ginger, in fine powder (1 ½ oz), oil of caraway (1 fl drachm), oil of clove (1/2 fl drachm), syrup (3 fl oz), clarified honey (1 ½ oz) | * scammony, in fine powder (3 oz), ginger, in fine powder (1 ½ oz), oil of caraway (1 fl drachm), oil of clove (1/2 fl drachm), syrup (3 fl oz), clarified honey (1 ½ oz) | ||
* dose: 10-30 grains | * dose: 10-30 grains | ||
| − | ''' Compound Infusion of Orange Peel ''' / Infusum Aurantii compositum | + | ''' Compound Infusion of Orange Peel ''' / Infusum Aurantii compositum<ref>GMCGB, 157-58</ref> |
* bitter orange peel, cut small (1/4 oz), fresh lemon peel, cut small (60 grains), cloves, bruised (30 grains), boiling distilled water (19 fl oz) | * bitter orange peel, cut small (1/4 oz), fresh lemon peel, cut small (60 grains), cloves, bruised (30 grains), boiling distilled water (19 fl oz) | ||
*dose: 1-2 fl oz | *dose: 1-2 fl oz | ||
| − | ''' Infusion of Cloves ''' / Infusum Caryophylli | + | ''' Infusion of Cloves ''' / Infusum Caryophylli <ref>GMCGB, 158</ref> |
* cloves, bruised (1/4 oz), boiling distilled water (10 fl oz) | * cloves, bruised (1/4 oz), boiling distilled water (10 fl oz) | ||
* dose: 1-4 fl oz | * dose: 1-4 fl oz | ||
| − | ''' Aromatic Mixture of Iron ''' / Mistura Ferri Aromatica | + | ''' Aromatic Mixture of Iron ''' / Mistura Ferri Aromatica<ref>GMCGB, 210</ref> |
* pale-cinchona bark, in powder (1 oz), calumba root, in coarse powder (1/2 oz), cloves, bruised (1/4 oz), fine iron wire, (1/2 oz), compound tincture of cardamoms (3 fl oz), tincture of orange peel (1/2 fl oz), peppermint water (as needed) | * pale-cinchona bark, in powder (1 oz), calumba root, in coarse powder (1/2 oz), cloves, bruised (1/4 oz), fine iron wire, (1/2 oz), compound tincture of cardamoms (3 fl oz), tincture of orange peel (1/2 fl oz), peppermint water (as needed) | ||
* dose: 1-2 fl oz | * dose: 1-2 fl oz | ||
| − | ''' Oil of Cloves ''' / Oleum Caryophylli | + | ''' Oil of Cloves ''' / Oleum Caryophylli <ref>GMCGB, 221</ref> |
* “the oil distilled in Britain from cloves” | * “the oil distilled in Britain from cloves” | ||
* “colourless when recent, but gradually becoming red-brown, having the odour of cloves and a pungent spicy taste. Sinks in water.” | * “colourless when recent, but gradually becoming red-brown, having the odour of cloves and a pungent spicy taste. Sinks in water.” | ||
* Used in preparations of: Confectio Scammonii, Pilula Colocynthidis composite, Pilula Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami | * Used in preparations of: Confectio Scammonii, Pilula Colocynthidis composite, Pilula Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami | ||
| − | ''' Compound Pill of Colocynth ''' / Pilula Colocynthidis composite (236) | + | ''' Compound Pill of Colocynth ''' / Pilula Colocynthidis composite <ref>GMCGB, 236</ref>(236) |
* colocynth pulp, in powder (1 oz), barbadoes aloes, in powder (2 oz), scammony, in powder (2 oz), sulphate of potash, in powder (1/4 oz), oil of cloves (2 fl drachms), distilled water | * colocynth pulp, in powder (1 oz), barbadoes aloes, in powder (2 oz), scammony, in powder (2 oz), sulphate of potash, in powder (1/4 oz), oil of cloves (2 fl drachms), distilled water | ||
* dose: 5-10 grains | * dose: 5-10 grains | ||
| − | ''' Aromatic Powder of Chalk ''' / Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus | + | ''' Aromatic Powder of Chalk ''' / Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus<ref>GMCGB, 263</ref> |
* syn: confectio aromatic | * syn: confectio aromatic | ||
* cinnamon bark, in powder (4 oz), nutmeg, in powder (3 oz), saffron, in powder (3 oz), cloves, in powder (1 ½ oz), cardamom seeds, in powder (1 oz), refined sugar, in powder (25 oz), prepared chalk (11 oz) | * cinnamon bark, in powder (4 oz), nutmeg, in powder (3 oz), saffron, in powder (3 oz), cloves, in powder (1 ½ oz), cardamom seeds, in powder (1 oz), refined sugar, in powder (25 oz), prepared chalk (11 oz) | ||
* dose: 10-60 grains | * dose: 10-60 grains | ||
| − | ''' Wine of Opium ''' / Vinum Opii | + | ''' Wine of Opium ''' / Vinum Opii <ref>GMCGB, 368</ref> |
* extract of opium (1 oz), cinnamon bark, bruised (75 grains), cloves, bruised (75 grains), sherry (1 pint) | * extract of opium (1 oz), cinnamon bark, bruised (75 grains), cloves, bruised (75 grains), sherry (1 pint) | ||
* dose: 10-40 minims | * dose: 10-40 minims | ||
==A Compendium of Domestic Medicine, 1865== | ==A Compendium of Domestic Medicine, 1865== | ||
| − | + | Classified by Savory as a stimulant, particularly a remedy “which speedily increases the frequency of the pulse and the heat of the body,” (415/394) and also as a stomachic and cordial<ref> Savory, John. ''A Compendium of Domestic Medicine'' (London: John Churchill and Sons, 1865), 395. https://books.google.ca/books?id=VxoDAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> | |
| − | Classified by Savory as a stimulant, particularly a remedy “which speedily increases the frequency of the pulse and the heat of the body,” (415/394) and also as a stomachic and cordial ( | + | |
===Remedies Containing or to be used with Cloves=== | ===Remedies Containing or to be used with Cloves=== | ||
| − | * Aloes, Socotrine | + | * Aloes, Socotrine: oil of cloves included in “The Compound Cathartic Pills with Aloes,” to be taken occasionally at bed time.<ref>Savory, 32</ref> |
| − | * Bark, Canella | + | * Bark, Canella: cloves are used in the recipe for usquebaugh (whiskey), which can be given to individuals “of gouty habit, or those liable to spasm or cramp in the stomach.”<ref>Savory, 18</ref> |
| − | * Cloves | + | * Cloves: added to bitters and other infusions for flavour and lessen negative effects on the stomach. Oil of cloves can be used to reduce griping caused by cathartic pills, and powdered cloves can be used with jalap to create a laxative pill.<ref>Savory, 47</ref> |
| − | * Extract of Colocynth, Compound | + | * Extract of Colocynth, Compound : oil of cloves, or other carminatives (is that the right classification?) to reduce griping, when Compound extract of colocynth is used as a purgative.<ref>Savory, 61</ref> |
| − | * Gum Scammony | + | * Gum Scammony: oil of cloves or peppermint can be combined with gum scammony in treating worms, and is also often combined with other purgatives when used with gum scammony.<ref>Savory, 77</ref> Cloves are included in scammony pills that are taken at bed time.<ref>Savory, 78</ref> |
| − | * Infusions, Concentrated | + | * Infusions, Concentrated of cloves, calumbo, cascarilla, chamomile, gentian, orange peel, quassia, rhubarb, roses, and senna: used often in medicine chests as they can be diluted to form infusions. This allows for large doses to be provided in smaller amounts.<ref>Savory, 84</ref> |
| − | * Laudanum | + | * Laudanum: combined with oil of cloves, laudanum can be applied to decayed teeth to provide instant pain relief.<ref>Savory, 92</ref> |
| − | * Oil of Cloves | + | * Oil of Cloves: Used to correct the griping caused by cathartic pills, and also used in treating toothaches.<ref>Savory, 107</ref> |
| − | * Pellitory of Spain | + | * Pellitory of Spain: oil of cloves is included in a compound tincture that can be absorbed by cotton and placed on sore teeth and gums.<ref>Savory, 116</ref> |
| − | * Simaruba Bark | + | * Simaruba Bark: syrup of cloves used in a mixture used by (the late) Dr. Baillie, to treat diarrhoea in children.<ref>Savory, 134</ref> |
===Diseases Treated with Cloves === | ===Diseases Treated with Cloves === | ||
'''General Diseases''' | '''General Diseases''' | ||
| − | * Cholera Morbus | + | * Cholera Morbus: oil of cloves included in a pill mixture used to treat violent vomiting and pain in cholera that was not affected by earlier treatments.<ref>Savory, 222</ref> |
| − | * Ear, diseases of | + | * Ear, diseases of: if earlier treatments are unable to reduce inflammation, oil of cloves mixed with laudanum and oil of almonds is to be dropped into the ear and covered with cotton.<ref>Savory, 229</ref> |
===Medical Articles Containing Cloves === | ===Medical Articles Containing Cloves === | ||
| − | * Compound Infusion of Orange Peel | + | * Compound Infusion of Orange Peel: cloves, bruised<ref>Savory, 289</ref> |
| − | * Gout Tincture | + | * Gout Tincture: cloves, bruised <ref>Savory, 300</ref> |
===Prescriptions Containing Cloves === | ===Prescriptions Containing Cloves === | ||
'''Antacids''' | '''Antacids''' | ||
| − | * Antacid Draught | + | * Antacid Draught: oil of cloves<ref>Savory, 306</ref> |
'''Aperients and Cathartics''' | '''Aperients and Cathartics''' | ||
| − | * Common Aperient Pills | + | * Common Aperient Pills: oil of cloves<ref>Savory, 313</ref> |
| − | * Aperient Pills | + | * Aperient Pills: Oil of cloves<ref>Savory, 313</ref> |
| − | * Aperient Pills for Dyspeptic Persons | + | * Aperient Pills for Dyspeptic Persons: oil of cloves<ref>Savory, 313-14</ref> |
| − | * Cathartic Pills | + | * Cathartic Pills: oil of cloves<ref>Savory, 314</ref> |
'''Astringents''' | '''Astringents''' | ||
| − | * Asiatic Tincture for Cholera | + | * Asiatic Tincture for Cholera: oil of cloves<ref>Savory, 319</ref> |
| − | * Turpentine Mixture | + | * Turpentine Mixture: syrup of cloves<ref>Savory, 320</ref> |
| − | * Dr. Baillie’s Mixture for Children | + | * Dr. Baillie’s Mixture for Children: syrup of cloves<ref>Savory, 320</ref> |
'''Stimulants''' | '''Stimulants''' | ||
| − | * Stimulant Mixture | + | * Stimulant Mixture: syrup of cloves<ref>Savory, 333</ref> |
'''Tonics''' | '''Tonics''' | ||
| − | * Tonic Mixture for Children | + | * Tonic Mixture for Children: syrup of cloves<ref>Savory, 334</ref> |
| − | * Stomachic Pills | + | * Stomachic Pills: oil of cloves<ref>Savory, 335</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | == References == | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
| + | |||
|comes from=Holland, India, Singapore, Ceylon, East Indies, China, The Americas, France, Spain, Mauritius, British West Indies, Cuba, Brazil, Germany, Belgium, Cape of Good Hope, United States of America | |comes from=Holland, India, Singapore, Ceylon, East Indies, China, The Americas, France, Spain, Mauritius, British West Indies, Cuba, Brazil, Germany, Belgium, Cape of Good Hope, United States of America | ||
|has_commodity_id=1154 | |has_commodity_id=1154 | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 14:28, 25 August 2016
Cloves
Contents
British Pharmacopoeia 1867
Cloves Carophyllum
“The dried unexpanded flower buds of Caryophyllus aromaticus… Cultivated in Penang, Bencoolen, and Amboyna.” [1] Characteristics
“About six lines long, dark reddish-brown, plump, and heavy, consisting of a nearly cylindrical body surmounted by four teeth and a globular head, with strong fragrant odour, and a bitter spicy pungent taste. It emits oil when indented with the nail.” Used in the preparations of:[2]
- Infusum Aurantii compositum
- Infusum Caryophylli
- Mistura Ferri Aromatics
- Oleum Caryophylli
- Vinum Opii
Preparations of DRUG
Confection of Scammony / Confectio Scammoni[3]
- scammony, in fine powder (3 oz), ginger, in fine powder (1 ½ oz), oil of caraway (1 fl drachm), oil of clove (1/2 fl drachm), syrup (3 fl oz), clarified honey (1 ½ oz)
- dose: 10-30 grains
Compound Infusion of Orange Peel / Infusum Aurantii compositum[4]
- bitter orange peel, cut small (1/4 oz), fresh lemon peel, cut small (60 grains), cloves, bruised (30 grains), boiling distilled water (19 fl oz)
- dose: 1-2 fl oz
Infusion of Cloves / Infusum Caryophylli [5]
- cloves, bruised (1/4 oz), boiling distilled water (10 fl oz)
- dose: 1-4 fl oz
Aromatic Mixture of Iron / Mistura Ferri Aromatica[6]
- pale-cinchona bark, in powder (1 oz), calumba root, in coarse powder (1/2 oz), cloves, bruised (1/4 oz), fine iron wire, (1/2 oz), compound tincture of cardamoms (3 fl oz), tincture of orange peel (1/2 fl oz), peppermint water (as needed)
- dose: 1-2 fl oz
Oil of Cloves / Oleum Caryophylli [7]
- “the oil distilled in Britain from cloves”
- “colourless when recent, but gradually becoming red-brown, having the odour of cloves and a pungent spicy taste. Sinks in water.”
- Used in preparations of: Confectio Scammonii, Pilula Colocynthidis composite, Pilula Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami
Compound Pill of Colocynth / Pilula Colocynthidis composite [8](236)
- colocynth pulp, in powder (1 oz), barbadoes aloes, in powder (2 oz), scammony, in powder (2 oz), sulphate of potash, in powder (1/4 oz), oil of cloves (2 fl drachms), distilled water
- dose: 5-10 grains
Aromatic Powder of Chalk / Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus[9]
- syn: confectio aromatic
- cinnamon bark, in powder (4 oz), nutmeg, in powder (3 oz), saffron, in powder (3 oz), cloves, in powder (1 ½ oz), cardamom seeds, in powder (1 oz), refined sugar, in powder (25 oz), prepared chalk (11 oz)
- dose: 10-60 grains
Wine of Opium / Vinum Opii [10]
- extract of opium (1 oz), cinnamon bark, bruised (75 grains), cloves, bruised (75 grains), sherry (1 pint)
- dose: 10-40 minims
A Compendium of Domestic Medicine, 1865
Classified by Savory as a stimulant, particularly a remedy “which speedily increases the frequency of the pulse and the heat of the body,” (415/394) and also as a stomachic and cordial[11]
Remedies Containing or to be used with Cloves
- Aloes, Socotrine: oil of cloves included in “The Compound Cathartic Pills with Aloes,” to be taken occasionally at bed time.[12]
- Bark, Canella: cloves are used in the recipe for usquebaugh (whiskey), which can be given to individuals “of gouty habit, or those liable to spasm or cramp in the stomach.”[13]
- Cloves: added to bitters and other infusions for flavour and lessen negative effects on the stomach. Oil of cloves can be used to reduce griping caused by cathartic pills, and powdered cloves can be used with jalap to create a laxative pill.[14]
- Extract of Colocynth, Compound : oil of cloves, or other carminatives (is that the right classification?) to reduce griping, when Compound extract of colocynth is used as a purgative.[15]
- Gum Scammony: oil of cloves or peppermint can be combined with gum scammony in treating worms, and is also often combined with other purgatives when used with gum scammony.[16] Cloves are included in scammony pills that are taken at bed time.[17]
- Infusions, Concentrated of cloves, calumbo, cascarilla, chamomile, gentian, orange peel, quassia, rhubarb, roses, and senna: used often in medicine chests as they can be diluted to form infusions. This allows for large doses to be provided in smaller amounts.[18]
- Laudanum: combined with oil of cloves, laudanum can be applied to decayed teeth to provide instant pain relief.[19]
- Oil of Cloves: Used to correct the griping caused by cathartic pills, and also used in treating toothaches.[20]
- Pellitory of Spain: oil of cloves is included in a compound tincture that can be absorbed by cotton and placed on sore teeth and gums.[21]
- Simaruba Bark: syrup of cloves used in a mixture used by (the late) Dr. Baillie, to treat diarrhoea in children.[22]
Diseases Treated with Cloves
General Diseases
- Cholera Morbus: oil of cloves included in a pill mixture used to treat violent vomiting and pain in cholera that was not affected by earlier treatments.[23]
- Ear, diseases of: if earlier treatments are unable to reduce inflammation, oil of cloves mixed with laudanum and oil of almonds is to be dropped into the ear and covered with cotton.[24]
Medical Articles Containing Cloves
Prescriptions Containing Cloves
Antacids
- Antacid Draught: oil of cloves[27]
Aperients and Cathartics
- Common Aperient Pills: oil of cloves[28]
- Aperient Pills: Oil of cloves[29]
- Aperient Pills for Dyspeptic Persons: oil of cloves[30]
- Cathartic Pills: oil of cloves[31]
Astringents
- Asiatic Tincture for Cholera: oil of cloves[32]
- Turpentine Mixture: syrup of cloves[33]
- Dr. Baillie’s Mixture for Children: syrup of cloves[34]
Stimulants
- Stimulant Mixture: syrup of cloves[35]
Tonics
References
- ↑ General Medical Council of Great Britain, British Pharmacopeia, (London: Spottiswoode & Co.,1867), 72 https://archive.org/details/britishpharmacop00gene
- ↑ GMCGB, 72
- ↑ GMCGB, 88-89
- ↑ GMCGB, 157-58
- ↑ GMCGB, 158
- ↑ GMCGB, 210
- ↑ GMCGB, 221
- ↑ GMCGB, 236
- ↑ GMCGB, 263
- ↑ GMCGB, 368
- ↑ Savory, John. A Compendium of Domestic Medicine (London: John Churchill and Sons, 1865), 395. https://books.google.ca/books?id=VxoDAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ Savory, 32
- ↑ Savory, 18
- ↑ Savory, 47
- ↑ Savory, 61
- ↑ Savory, 77
- ↑ Savory, 78
- ↑ Savory, 84
- ↑ Savory, 92
- ↑ Savory, 107
- ↑ Savory, 116
- ↑ Savory, 134
- ↑ Savory, 222
- ↑ Savory, 229
- ↑ Savory, 289
- ↑ Savory, 300
- ↑ Savory, 306
- ↑ Savory, 313
- ↑ Savory, 313
- ↑ Savory, 313-14
- ↑ Savory, 314
- ↑ Savory, 319
- ↑ Savory, 320
- ↑ Savory, 320
- ↑ Savory, 333
- ↑ Savory, 334
- ↑ Savory, 335