http://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=EliseLehmann&feedformat=atomLondon's Ghost Acres - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T01:08:01ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.23.8http://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Alaska_FactoryAlaska Factory2016-04-28T22:33:32Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
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<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1869<br />
|has_coordinates=51.49458, -0.07755<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|raw_material=Seal Skins and Furs<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1869<br />
|to_date=1873<br />
|was_owned_by=J.M. Oppenheim & Co.<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1873<br />
|to_date=1880<br />
|was_owned_by=Martin and Teichmann<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1880<br />
|was_owned_by=C.W. Martin & Sons Ltd<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1869<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Leather and Skins Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
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The Alaska Factory was built in 1869 by F.A. Schroeter, under J.M. Oppenheim & Co. The business was originally focused on the preparation of seal skins: unhairing, dressing and dyeing. As the seal trade diminished, the factory expanded to preparing general skins and furs. From 1880 the factory was under C.W. Martin & Sons Ltd until into the second half of the 20th century. During the Second World War, the factory focused its work on preparing sheepskins for the RAF flying suits. <br />
https://tigergrowl.wordpress.com/other-pages/the-alaska-factory-bermondsey/ <br />
<br />
“Alaska Factory<br />
Opened in 1869 for working seal fur, only the entrance gates with the carving of a seal remain of the old factory, once the haunt of 'shavers, blubberers, fleshers, dyers, tubbers and top-hatted wing-collared aproned craftsmen'. The newer art deco building is by architect Wallis Gilbert, who also designed the Hoover buildings in London.” http://www.secret-london.co.uk/Bermondsey_2.html <br />
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[[Seal skins]] were from [[Russia]], [[Norway]], [[Canada]], and the [[United States of America]].<br />
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https://books.google.ca/books?id=ATsuAAAAYAAJ&dq=C.W.%20Martin%20%26%20Sons&pg=PA567#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
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https://books.google.ca/books?id=fJo7AwAAQBAJ&lpg=PT198&ots=pTRB6Wkl_s&dq=alaska%20factory%20bermondsey&pg=PT199#v=onepage&q&f=false</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Whiffen_Drug_FactoryWhiffen Drug Factory2016-04-28T19:34:56Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1858 |ended_operation=1933 |has_coordinates=51.47127, -0.17785 |is_in=London |produced=Quinine, Strychnine, salicin, antimony compounds, clove oil..."</p>
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<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1858<br />
|ended_operation=1933<br />
|has_coordinates=51.47127, -0.17785<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Quinine, Strychnine, salicin, antimony compounds, clove oil, almond oil, mercury sublimate and vermilion, iodine, iodides, iodoform, bromides, camphor, Sandalwood oil, theobromine, caffeine, emetine, cephaelin, nicotine<br />
|raw_material=Cinchona, Strychnos nux-vomica, willow bark, cocoa, tea, Ipecacuanha<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1858<br />
|to_date=1868<br />
|was_owned_by=Edward Herring & Company<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1868<br />
|to_date=1933<br />
|was_owned_by=Whiffen & Sons<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1858<br />
|to_date=1933<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Chemical Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Around 1850, Edward Herring and Jacob Hulle started a chemical factory for the production of alkaloids and similar fine chemicals, possibly known as the British and Foreign Alkaloid Company. In 1854 they were joined by Thomas Whiffen. In 1858 Hulle bought out Herring and they moved to company to the Battersea premises. Hulle retired in 1868 and Whiffen’s sons joined the business. Whiffen won many gold medals for his products at various trade exhibitions. In 1887 Whiffen took over the business of George Atkinson & Co. on Aldersgate Street.The Battersea factory was shut down in 1933.<br />
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Product Information:<br />
“Thomas Whiffen did much to develop the use of quinine and its related products and was responsible for coining the name 'Quinetum' for the 'Pure Alkaloids of East India Red Bark' (chinchona succirubra), and at this time his factory was known as 'Quinine Works Battersea'.<br />
The introduction of Hulles Strychnine was notable as, previously, pure strychnine had not been available on the British market. A contemporary account states that all earlier preparations had always been contaminated with brucine and 'frequently contained some grosser adulteration'. Brucine occurs with strychnine in the nux vomica bean from which it is extracted.<br />
The third son of Thomas Whiffen, Alfred, went out to Australia to represent the company, and set up with a Mr Harrison a small business, Harrison & Whiffen, to distribute Hulle's Strychnine for the parent company. As already mentioned, the strychnine was used to control rabbits and it was found that the skins of these rabbits were particularly suitable for making top hats and very good business was done with the USA in these skins. <br />
In 1876 Dr T. J. Maclagen discovered the value of salicin in the treatment of acute rheumatism, and in the same year Thomas Whiffen started making it from the bark of a certain species of willow tree at that time plentiful in Belgium. When the young shoots had been gathered, a party of men from the works would go over to Belgium, strip the bark from the young shoots, and make a concentrated extract from it and ship this to England for purification, at the same time disposing of the stripped shoots to the local basket makers.<br />
The acquisition of George Atkinson & Co. not only brought with it a range of new chemicals but a long established reputation as drug grinders, oil pressers, and saltpetre refiners. The new chemicals added to the Whiffen list included antimony compounds, clove oil, almond oil, mercury sublimate and vermilion, iodine, iodides, iodoform, bromides and camphor. Atkinsons were renowned for their Camphor Bells which they made by subliming the camphor into specially made bell shaped glass containers blown by their own glass blowers on the site. The glass was then broken from the bells and re‑blown for the next charge.<br />
Sandalwood oil was another product of Atkinsons, and up to 1914 the distillation and sale of this was an important part of their trade. Just before 1914 however, the Mysore Government of India from whom the majority of the sandalwood was obtained, decided to start distillation of the oil themselves, and sent an English chemist to Whiffens to investigate the production and market for this oil. Whiffens cooperated fully and as a result Atkinsons were appointed sole agents for distribution in Europe and the USA. It was not for many years after the war however that supplies of oil from India were sufficient to meet world demands and for the Atkinson plant to be closed.<br />
At about the turn of the century several more important alkaloids were developed by the company, including theobromine (from cocoa), caffeine (from tea), emetine and cephaeline (from ipecacuanha root), and nicotine (from tobacco waste).”<br />
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Closing of Battersea Factory:<br />
“At home after 1918 the company settled down to further growth and it soon became apparent that new premises would be needed, particularly as the Southall site was required for an extension to the neighbouring gas works. A new site was chosen at Fulham on the other bank of the Thames near the Hurlingham Club, and opposite the Wandsworth gas works. A new and modern factory, office and warehouse were erected in Carnwath Road, Fulham, in 1923. The office and warehouse staff were moved from the City at the same time, and the new factory was of course named 'Aldersgate Chemical Works'<br />
The Battersea factory which by now occupied most of what had been a large garden, had overflowed on to an adjacent site as well as onto another piece of ground on the other side of the road, continued in being until 1933 when it also had to give way to allow the expansion of the local Electricity undertaking.<br />
The plant was therefore moved to the new Fulham premises and so, at last all the operations, works, offices and warehouses came together on the one site.<br />
During the time that both Battersea and Fulham were manufacturing, transport and communications between the two was by steamboat and old fashioned horse‑drawn tumbrils were used to convey the byproduct iron muds from the bromides and iodides manufacture to the nearby gas works.<br />
A peep at the Battersea works just before its move would have shown most of the large garden absorbed by the works and the house itself used for storage, except for a boardroom and dining room for the directors downstairs and some accommodation for the sergeant caretaker upstairs. The old house and the oldest part of the factory, with what remained of the garden in between where the pigeons came fluttering down from the old trees, had a very Dickensian atmosphere; an ancient mulberry tree which had stood there for 300 years was unfortunately blown down in 1928 during a gale.”<br />
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All above information from “Commemorative brochure produced by Fisons Ltd in 1972 to mark the cessation of manufacturing at Whiffen and Sons (who had been absorbed into Fisons Fine Chemicals in 1966) former Loughborough site. Covers period 1654 - 1972. No illustrations.” http://www.catalyst.org.uk/collection/collection.htm <br />
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“In the late 1850s the site comprised an old roadside house (Lombard House), with the large former sugar-house in its garden by the river, where Whiffen and Hulle made strychnine and quinine. Hulle retired in 1868 and thereafter the business expanded under Whiffen until by 1910 so many buildings had been added that barely any open space remained. Between 1875 and 1915 Whiffens spilled over into land adjoining to the north, at Lombard Wharf, but by 1933 had moved to Fulham, where they had built a modern factory in the 1920s.” https://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture/research/survey-of-london/battersea/documents/49.8.__Industry_chapter.pdf <br />
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1858 partnership dissolved https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/22144/page/2608</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Clarke,_Nickolls_%26_Coombs_Confectionary_WorksClarke, Nickolls & Coombs Confectionary Works2016-04-26T23:06:06Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1879 |has_coordinates=51.54378, -0.02296 |is_in=London |produced=Candied peel, marmalade, jam, liquorice, lozenges, fondants, mint creams, sweets,..."</p>
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<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1879<br />
|has_coordinates=51.54378, -0.02296<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Candied peel, marmalade, jam, liquorice, lozenges, fondants, mint creams, sweets, <br />
|raw_material=Fruit, Sugar <br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1879<br />
|to_date=1969<br />
|was_owned_by=Clarke, Nickolls & Coombs<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1969<br />
|was_owned_by=Trebor Sharps<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1879<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Food Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
“Clarke Nickolls & Coombs has evolved from a prestigious and interesting historical background. The history goes right back to the 1870's when as a manufacturer of candied peel and which became so profitable the partners created a new business using their wives maiden names: Clarke, Nickolls and Co was born and a Shoreditch confectioner named Robert Coombs was invited to join in 1872. By 1886 the partners had expanded product lines, opened shops and depots and considerably expanded their original Hackney Wick site. In January 1887 the business was incorporated and many of the shares in Clarke Nickolls & Coombs Ltd were taken up by customers and employees. The company as then was quoted on the stock exchange in 1965. As the confectionary manufacturing business grew and developed the company began to acquire a lot of land and property in the East End of London, as well as shops, showrooms and depots around the UK. The company then let out whatever buildings it did not require for immediate use and as a result engaged in property letting and development. This expertise came to the fore in the 1970's after the sale of the majority of the confectionery business to Trebor Sharps in 1972.” http://www.clarkenickollscoombs.com/about2.html <br />
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“Clarke, Nickolls & Coombs, (fn. 196) confectionery and jam makers established in 1872, were at Hackney Wick by 1879 and on both sides of Wallis Road by 1910, when they had also spread south of the G.E.R. line and to the previously underdeveloped east bank of the Hackney cut in both Hackney and Bow. (fn. 197) The company, probably the district's leading employer, was one of the first to introduce profit sharing in 1890, (fn. 198) acquired a convalescent home at Clacton (Essex), and formed many social clubs. (fn. 199) It was registered as Clarnico in 1946 and described as having been the country's largest confectioners in 1948, when war damage had led to plans for a factory in Waterden Road. Clarnico moved to Waterden Road c. 1955 and, as Trebor Sharps, left Hackney c. 1975.” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol10/pp92-101#p37 <br />
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“The confectioner Clarnico is synonymous with Hackney Wick. Just after the second world war, Clarnico was the largest confectioner in Britain. The company, known as Clarke, Nickolls, Coombs until 1946, arrived in Hackney Wick in 1879. The name lives on in Bassett’s Clarnico Mint Creams and also in the CNC Property company.” http://www.hackneywick-e9.co.uk/history/ <br />
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“Clarnico, on Carpenter’s Road, was the largest sweet manufacturer in the country and employed 1,500 people.<br />
Ideally situated for deliveries of [[sugar]] on the banks of the River Lee navigation channel, it was famous for mint creams as well as producing liquorice Chinese Pigtails, coconut-based Toasted Haddocks and the eclectically-named Pig’s Head & Carrots and Dolly’s Musical Bottles.<br />
Founded in 1872 as Clarke, Nickolls & Coombs, its main product was candied peel though it soon diversified into making marmalade, jam and then sweets. By the 1900s the company had its own fire brigade, ambulance, a brass band that toured abroad and a 100-strong choral society.” http://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/features/sweet_success_turned_sour_for_hackney_wick_confectionary_company_1_1479836 <br />
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“The factory site suffered war damage in 1940. In the 1950s the company decided to modernise its premises by building a new factory at Waterden Road and renting out properties no longer required to other companies. The buildings were completed in 1955. Manufacturing at the Hackney Wick site ceased in 1970s and the buildings were gradually sub-divided and let out. Latterly, Clarnico became part of Trebor Bassett which was, in turn, acquired by Cadbury Schweppes, and in turn by Kraft.” http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/118/19402.htm <br />
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Detailed description of the works and products in 1881: https://books.google.ca/books?id=M64_AQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA390&dq=Hackney%20Wick%20Works%20(Confectionery)&pg=PA389#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
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[[Oranges]], [[lemons]], and other citrus fruits were shipped in from [[Sicily]], [[Corsica]], [[Madeira]], and [[Spain]]. <br />
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It looks like Trebor Sharps took over the company closer to 1969: <br />
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"Bids, Deals & Mergers." Times [London, England] 27 Sept. 1969: 14. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 26 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS235761979&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
Gerald Ely. "Property." Times [London, England] 24 Jan. 1972: 11. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 26 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS184907320&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Tay_WharfTay Wharf2016-04-26T21:40:50Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1880 |ended_operation=1997 |has_coordinates=51.50149, 0.042323 |is_in=London |produced=Marmalade, Jam |raw_material=Fruit, Sugar }} {{Ownership re..."</p>
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<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1880<br />
|ended_operation=1997<br />
|has_coordinates=51.50149, 0.042323<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Marmalade, Jam<br />
|raw_material=Fruit, Sugar<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1880<br />
|to_date=1920<br />
|was_owned_by=Keiller & Sons<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1920<br />
|to_date=1960<br />
|was_owned_by=Crosse and Blackwell<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1960<br />
|to_date=1997<br />
|was_owned_by=Nestlé<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1880<br />
|to_date=1997<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Food Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
"The Keiller & Sons jam factory occupied Tay Wharf from 1880 until 1997. Fruit arrived at the factory by ship, while sugar was supplied by the Tate & Lyle refinery almost next door. The firm was taken over in 1920 by Crosse and Blackwell and is now a subsidiary of Nestlé. <br />
The entrance, which dates from 1900, is a rather strange, tunnel-like affair. It may be that it was designed in this way so that dockers could be inspected as they left – just in case they were carrying something that did not belong to them. <br />
Tay Wharf is now used by scrap iron and steel exporters" <br />
www.derelictlondon.com/id43.htm<br />
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“James Keiller & Sons, maker of marmalade and other confectionery, came to Silvertown from Scotland about 1880 and built a large factory at Tay Wharf. This firm was taken over in 1920 by Crosse and Blackwell and is now a subsidiary of the Nestlé Co. (fn. 83)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol6/pp76-89#p24 <br />
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“In 1924 Dames Keiller & Son (originator of the famous Dundee marmalade) came under the wing of Crosse & Blackwell, but continued to trade under their own name. Keiller's factory had been opened in 1878 at Tay Wharf Silvertown, the site being selected no doubt for its proximity to the river, its rail links and adjacent sugar refinery opened in 1876 by Henry Tate. The factory was destroyed by fire in 1889 and rebuilt in 1890 (hence the date on the cornerstone above the East Gate). Keiller's continued to produce all types of preserves, chocolates and confectionery (including many spices and herbs) until WW2. During the first daylight raid on London (September 7 1940) the factory was almost completely destroyed by bombing. The preserve boiling house was least damaged and as a result of the destruction the chocolate and confectionery trade was transferred to Dundee whilst preserves manufacture restarted after a period of months. In 1956 preserve manufacture too transferred to Dundee and Crosse & Blackwell moved its pickle and sauce production from Bermondsey. The production of tomato ketchup and salad cream followed in 1957/8.” http://www.glias.org.uk/news/092news.html</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Merryweather_and_Sons_Fire_Engine_WorksMerryweather and Sons Fire Engine Works2016-04-26T19:50:18Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
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<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1876<br />
|has_coordinates=51.4763, -0.01972<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=horse-drawn fire engines, steam fire engines, water supply equipment, ice boats, safety rafts, tanks for camel transport, dye extractors, steam dredging apparatus, compressors, an electric clock, petrol-cycle<br />
|raw_material=iron, steel, copper, brass, glass, timber, paint, leather, canvas, rubber<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1876<br />
|was_owned_by=Merryweather and Sons<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1876<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Engineering Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Merryweather and Sons dates back to 1692. In 1862 the company built works in Lambeth, which were destroyed by a fire in in 1873 and then rebuilt. The company built the works at Greenwich in 1876, transferring their operations there and closing the Lambeth works in 1879.<br />
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During the Franco-Prussian War, Merryweather and Sons sent six “Ganges” (one of the classes of Patent Double-Cylinder Steam Fire Engines) to Paris. http://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.ca/2014/02/merryweather-sons-steam-fir-e-engine.html <br />
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“Merryweather & Sons Limited are holders of the Royal Warrant of Appointment to Her Majesty The Queen as Fire Engineers. In fact we have held The Royal Warrant continuously since 1910, to HM King George V, HM King George VI and to Her Majesty The Queen." http://www.merryweatherandsons.co.uk/company.html <br />
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“The company manufactured such a range of products that it might not even be appropriate to call them a fire equipment company. Products included all kinds of water supply equipment, ice boats, safety rafts, tanks for camel transport, dye extractors, steam dredging apparatus, compressors, an electric clock and a petrol-cycle. The petrol cycle was described by Neil as the first British car and arguably the world's first car. It was designed by Edward Butler and initially built in the Greenwich High Road factory. “ http://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.ca/2008/06/merryweather-talk-report.html <br />
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Examples of the materials used to build one model of steam fire engine: http://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.ca/2015/10/merryweathers-america.html <br />
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Examples of some of the steam fire engines: http://www.british-steam-fire-engines.org/Popular_Merryweather_Models.html <br />
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http://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.ca/search?q=Merryweather<br />
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http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Merryweather_and_Sons <br />
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http://scaa.sk.ca/gallery/fire/merry.htm</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Merryweather_and_Sons_Fire_Engine_WorksMerryweather and Sons Fire Engine Works2016-04-26T19:20:36Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1876 |has_coordinates=51.4763, -0.01972 |is_in=London |produced=Steam fire engines, water supply equipment, ice boats, safety rafts, tanks for cam..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1876<br />
|has_coordinates=51.4763, -0.01972<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Steam fire engines, water supply equipment, ice boats, safety rafts, tanks for camel transport, dye extractors, steam dredging apparatus, compressors, an electric clock, petrol-cycle<br />
|raw_material=iron, steel, <br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1876<br />
|was_owned_by=Merryweather and Sons<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1876<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Engineering Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Merryweather and Sons dates back to 1692. In 1862 the company built works in Lambeth, which were destroyed by a fire in in 1873 and then rebuilt. The company built the works at Greenwich in 1876, transferring their operations there and closing the Lambeth works in 1879.<br />
<br />
“The company manufactured such a range of products that it might not even be appropriate to call them a fire equipment company. Products included all kinds of water supply equipment, ice boats, safety rafts, tanks for camel transport, dye extractors, steam dredging apparatus, compressors, an electric clock and a petrol-cycle. The petrol cycle was described by Neil as the first British car and arguably the world's first car. It was designed by Edward Butler and initially built in the Greenwich High Road factory. “ http://greenwichindustrialhistory.blogspot.ca/2008/06/merryweather-talk-report.html <br />
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Examples of some of the steam fire engines: http://www.british-steam-fire-engines.org/Popular_Merryweather_Models.html <br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Merryweather_and_Sons<br />
<br />
http://scaa.sk.ca/gallery/fire/merry.htm</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/United_Horse_Shoe_%26_Nail_Co_ManufactoryUnited Horse Shoe & Nail Co Manufactory2016-04-25T23:25:58Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1881 |ended_operation=1909 |has_coordinates=51.48645, -0.01109 |is_in=London |produced=Horse Shoes |raw_material=Steel }} {{Ownership record |from..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1881<br />
|ended_operation=1909<br />
|has_coordinates=51.48645, -0.01109<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Horse Shoes<br />
|raw_material=Steel<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1883<br />
|to_date=1909<br />
|was_owned_by=United Horse Shoe & Nail Co<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
“In 1881 the site was taken by the Horse Shoe Manufacturing Company and the United Horse Nail Company, both set up in that year, which merged in 1883 to form the United Horse Shoe & Nail Company. (fn. 52) They also occupied the adjoining Victoria Wharf, amalgamating the two premises.<br />
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The company undertook a considerable amount of rebuilding to adapt the site to its needs, employing the builders Merritt & Ashby of London Wall. (fn. 53) In the early twentieth century its annual output was approximately 1,800 tons of horseshoes, but the increasing numbers of motor cars and motor omnibuses led to a decline in demand for its product and it was dealt a further blow in 1907 when the War Office, one of its major customers, placed an order for 100,000 pairs of horseshoes with an American firm. (fn. 54) The company went into liquidation in 1909. (fn. 55)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp514-518#p26</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Blackwall_YardBlackwall Yard2016-04-25T22:28:18Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
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<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1617<br />
|ended_operation=1987<br />
|has_coordinates=51.50657, -0.00504<br />
|is_in=Europe<br />
|produced=Ships<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1617<br />
|to_date=1650<br />
|was_owned_by=East India Company<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1814<br />
|to_date=1843<br />
|was_owned_by=Wigram & Green<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1617<br />
|to_date=1987<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Shipyards<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
51.50657,-0.00504<br />
<br />
Blackwall Yard was built by the East India Company, with construction beginning in 1614 and the yard functional by 1617. In 1650 the yard was sold to a private company.<br />
<br />
In 1803 a large part of the Blackwall Yard was sold to the East India Dock Company for the new East India Docks. <br />
In 1814 Blackwall Yard was owned by George Green and Robert Wigam as Wigam & Green. The partnership between the families continued until 1843, when Blackwall Yard was split into two separate businesses divided by a brick wall. <br />
<br />
Wigram & Sons took over the western half the yard, which was the ‘historic’ yard with many of the buildings dating from the 17th century. In 1877 Wigram & Sons sold the yard to Midland Railway Company, which renamed Blackwall Yard as Poplar Dock.Midland Railway Company added a coal-depot and connected the dock to the London and Blackwall Railway. Poplar Dock was badly damaged in the Second World War, so the remaining structures were demolished and the site was used for storing fuel oil until the late 1980s.<br />
<br />
R. & H. Green took over the eastern side of the yard and in 1876 they began the construction of a new graving dock, which was opened in 1878. The company was incorporated in 1894, under the name of R. & H. Green Ltd, and continued to build ships until 1907 and focused on repairing ships after that. R. & H. Green Ltd amalgamated with Silley Weir & Company in 1910 as R. H. Green & Silley Weir Ltd. The yard continued to be improved and refurbished after the First World War. “In 1977 the failing company merged with the London Graving Dock Company Ltd to form River Thames Shiprepairers Ltd, a division of the nationalized British Shipbuilders, the works at <br />
Blackwall being known as Blackwall Engineering. British Shipbuilders was wound up in 1982, but the yard continued in the occupation of Blackwall Engineering until 1987” (Blackwall Yard: Development, c.1819-1991).<br />
<br />
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp553-565<br />
<br />
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp565-574</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Universe_Rope_WorksUniverse Rope Works2016-04-25T21:11:51Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1859<br />
|ended_operation=1914<br />
|has_coordinates=51.49656, -0.02248<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Atlantic Cables, Wire Rope, Hemp Rope, Twine, Tarpaulin,<br />
|raw_material=Steel, Iron, Hemp, Cotton, Coir, copper wire, gutta-percha, iron wire, Manilla yarn, jute<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1859<br />
|to_date=1914<br />
|was_owned_by=John & Edwin Wright<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1859<br />
|to_date=1914<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Rope and Fiber Industries<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
“Universe Rope Works was set up on an 80-year lease in 1859 by the Birmingham-based firm of John & Edwin Wright. Buildings of one and two storeys covered most of the ground. Products included wire- and hemp ropes and cables, twine, tarpaulins, rick-cloths and brushes. (fn. 74)<br />
After their closure in 1914 (Wright's Ropes Ltd continued in business in the Midlands) the works became a sailmaker's, and in 1925 the site was acquired for housing by Poplar Borough Council; part remained in use as an engineering works until 1937. (fn. 75)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp433-445#p73 <br />
<br />
John & Edwin Wright invented and patented the first successful Atlantic Cable in 1865-1866. https://archive.org/details/wireropeanditsa00hipkgoog <br />
<br />
“So far as the materials are concerned, the cable owes its existence to the skill and enterprise of Birmingham manufacturers, and the industry of Birmingham workmen. Four things were required for the material of the cable—copper wire, gutta-percha, iron wire, and stout Manilla yarn. The copper wire was manufactured by Messrs Wilkes and Co., and Messrs Bolton and Sons, both of Birmingham; and the iron wire was produced by Messrs Webster and Horsfall at their works, Hay Hill, Birmingham, from homogeneous iron made at their works at Killamarsh, near Sheffield. The Manilla yarn was spun by Messrs John and Edwin Wright, of the Universe Works, Garrison Street, Birmingham, and Millwall, London. And, finally, the combined materials, copper, iron, gutta-percha, and Manilla yarn, were put together under a telegraph construction patent, taken out by Messrs Wright, the Construction Company at Greenwich being their licensees.” http://atlantic-cable.com/Article/1867CableTech/index.htm <br />
<br />
http://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1865Atlantic/<br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=yQtYAQAAQBAJ&lpg=PT669&dq=Universe%20Rope%20Works%20millwall&pg=PT669#v=onepage&q&f=false<br />
<br />
https://islandhistory.wordpress.com/</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Universe_Rope_WorksUniverse Rope Works2016-04-25T21:11:02Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1859<br />
|ended_operation=1914<br />
|has_coordinates=51.49656, -0.02248<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Atlantic Cables, Wire Rope, Hemp Rope, Twine, Tarpaulin,<br />
|raw_material=Steel, Iron, Hemp, Cotton, Coir, copper wire, gutta-percha, iron wire, Manilla yarn, jute<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1859<br />
|to_date=1914<br />
|was_owned_by=John & Edwin Wright<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1859<br />
|to_date=1914<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Rope and Fiber Industries<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
“Universe Rope Works was set up on an 80-year lease in 1859 by the Birmingham-based firm of John & Edwin Wright. Buildings of one and two storeys covered most of the ground. Products included wire- and hemp ropes and cables, twine, tarpaulins, rick-cloths and brushes. (fn. 74)<br />
After their closure in 1914 (Wright's Ropes Ltd continued in business in the Midlands) the works became a sailmaker's, and in 1925 the site was acquired for housing by Poplar Borough Council; part remained in use as an engineering works until 1937. (fn. 75)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp433-445#p73 <br />
<br />
John & Edwin Wright invented and patented the first successful Atlantic Cable in 1865-1866. https://archive.org/details/wireropeanditsa00hipkgoog <br />
<br />
“So far as the materials are concerned, the cable owes its existence to the skill and enterprise of Birmingham manufacturers, and the industry of Birmingham workmen. Four things were required for the material of the cable—copper wire, gutta-percha, iron wire, and stout Manilla yarn. The copper wire was manufactured by Messrs Wilkes and Co., and Messrs Bolton and Sons, both of Birmingham; and the iron wire was produced by Messrs Webster and Horsfall at their works, Hay Hill, Birmingham, from homogeneous iron made at their works at Killamarsh, near Sheffield. The Manilla yarn was spun by Messrs John and Edwin Wright, of the Universe Works, Garrison Street, Birmingham, and Millwall, London. And, finally, the combined materials, copper, iron, gutta-percha, and Manilla yarn, were put together under a telegraph construction patent, taken out by Messrs Wright, the Construction Company at Greenwich being their licensees.” http://atlantic-cable.com/Article/1867CableTech/index.htm <br />
<br />
http://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1865Atlantic/<br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=yQtYAQAAQBAJ&lpg=PT669&ots=S-HZcgWb65&dq=Universe%20Rope%20Works%20millwall&pg=PT669#v=onepage&q=Universe%20Rope%20Works%20millwall&f=false<br />
<br />
https://islandhistory.wordpress.com/</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Universe_Rope_WorksUniverse Rope Works2016-04-25T21:10:15Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1859 |ended_operation=1914 |has_coordinates=51.49656, -0.02248 |is_in=London |produced=Atlantic Cables, Wire Rope, Hemp Rope, Twine, Tarpaulin, |..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1859<br />
|ended_operation=1914<br />
|has_coordinates=51.49656, -0.02248<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Atlantic Cables, Wire Rope, Hemp Rope, Twine, Tarpaulin, <br />
|raw_material=Steel, Iron, Hemp, Cotton, Coir, copper wire, gutta-percha, iron wire, Manilla yarn, jute<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1859<br />
|to_date=1914<br />
|was_owned_by=John & Edwin Wright<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1859<br />
|to_date=1914<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Rope and Fiber Industries<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
“Universe Rope Works was set up on an 80-year lease in 1859 by the Birmingham-based firm of John & Edwin Wright. Buildings of one and two storeys covered most of the ground. Products included wire- and hemp ropes and cables, twine, tarpaulins, rick-cloths and brushes. (fn. 74)<br />
After their closure in 1914 (Wright's Ropes Ltd continued in business in the Midlands) the works became a sailmaker's, and in 1925 the site was acquired for housing by Poplar Borough Council; part remained in use as an engineering works until 1937. (fn. 75)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols43-4/pp433-445#p73 <br />
<br />
John & Edwin Wright invented and patented the first successful Atlantic Cable in 1865-1866. https://archive.org/details/wireropeanditsa00hipkgoog <br />
<br />
“So far as the materials are concerned, the cable owes its existence to the skill and enterprise of Birmingham manufacturers, and the industry of Birmingham workmen. Four things were required for the material of the cable—copper wire, gutta-percha, iron wire, and stout Manilla yarn. The copper wire was manufactured by Messrs Wilkes and Co., and Messrs Bolton and Sons, both of Birmingham; and the iron wire was produced by Messrs Webster and Horsfall at their works, Hay Hill, Birmingham, from homogeneous iron made at their works at Killamarsh, near Sheffield. The Manilla yarn was spun by Messrs John and Edwin Wright, of the Universe Works, Garrison Street, Birmingham, and Millwall, London. And, finally, the combined materials, copper, iron, gutta-percha, and Manilla yarn, were put together under a telegraph construction patent, taken out by Messrs Wright, the Construction Company at Greenwich being their licensees.” http://atlantic-cable.com/Article/1867CableTech/index.htm <br />
<br />
http://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1865Atlantic/<br />
<br />
https://islandhistory.wordpress.com/</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/The_Leather_Cloth_Co_WorksThe Leather Cloth Co Works2016-04-25T19:42:33Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1855 |ended_operation=1961 |has_coordinates=51.53392, 0.006686 |is_in=London |produced=Leather Cloth }} {{Ownership record |from_date=1855 |to_dat..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1855<br />
|ended_operation=1961<br />
|has_coordinates=51.53392, 0.006686<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Leather Cloth<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1855<br />
|to_date=1857<br />
|was_owned_by=Crockett International Leather Cloth Co.<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1857<br />
|to_date=1955<br />
|was_owned_by=The Leather Cloth Co. Ltd<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1955<br />
|to_date=1961<br />
|was_owned_by=James Williamson & Son<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1855<br />
|to_date=1961<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Leather and Skins Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
“About 1857 the Leathercloth Co. acquired the sole rights of making leathercloth, patented in 1849 by J. R. & C. P. Crockett of Newark (N.J.). The company built a large factory in Abbey Road on a site previously occupied by the gutta percha works and originally by the parish workhouse.(fn. 286) An extension, housing a cotton-mill, was added in 1866. Shortly before 1936, when there were 500 workers, the factory also began to make rubber cloth. In 1955 the firm was taken over by James Williamson & Son of Lancaster, which closed the Abbey Road works in 1961. (fn. 287)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol6/pp76-89#p56 <br />
<br />
“In 1849, two Americans called J. R. & C. P. Crockett patented a type of artificial leather known as leather cloth. In 1855 the two men established the Crockett International Leather Cloth Co. in West Ham, Essex, to manufacture leather cloth for the European market. A large factory was built at Abbey Lane on a site previously occupied by the gutta percha works and originally by the parish workhouse. There were also warehouses and offices in Cannon Street, London and in Paris, France.<br />
In 1857 the Crocketts sold out their business to a company formed under the title of The Leather Cloth Co. Ltd. under the management of Henry Cooper. The company continued with the production of leather cloth, which was being used chiefly for upholstery. An extension to the West Ham works housing a cotton mill was added in 1866. At this time the factory was producing some 15,000 square yards of cloth per day. In the mid-1930s the company began the production of rubber cloth. The total workforce at this time numbered around 500. After the Second World War the firm was producing the Synthede and Ledobrands of leather cloth which were used for upholstery, furniture, shoes and toys. In 1955 the Leather Cloth Co. Ltd. was taken over by James Williamson & Son of Lancaster and the Abbey Lane works in West Ham were closed down in 1961.” http://cosgb.blogspot.ca/2014/11/the-leather-cloth-co-ltd.html <br />
<br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=nacDAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA482&ots=2f3f2EIiQb&dq=crockett's%20Leathercloth%20Co.&pg=PA482#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=WjlHAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PT874&ots=_pxtPox73v&dq=crockett's%20Leathercloth%20Co.&pg=PT874#v=onepage&q&f=false</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Ida_WharfIda Wharf2016-04-22T21:30:35Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1867 |ended_operation=1857 |has_coordinates=51.48586, -0.03712 |is_in=London |produced=Iron Buildings, Roofs, Girders, Corrugated Galvanized Iron..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1867<br />
|ended_operation=1857<br />
|has_coordinates=51.48586, -0.03712<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Iron Buildings, Roofs, Girders, Corrugated Galvanized Iron Sheets, Galvanized Iron Holloware, Wire Netting, Buckets, Roofing Felt, Perforated Zinc, Zinc Roofing, Wrought Iron Tanks<br />
|raw_material=Iron, Zinc<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1867<br />
|to_date=1957<br />
|was_owned_by=Frederick Braby & Co. Ltd.<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1867<br />
|to_date=1857<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Engineering Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Frederick Braby & Co. Ltd. was established in 1839 and had the Fitzroy Works at Euston Road before opening the works at Ida Wharf on July 27, 1867, followed by Victoria Works at Victoria Road two years later. In 1957, a new factory was constructed at Crayford and the works at Euston Road and Deptford were both moved to the new location. The company made a variety of products with galvanized iron and zinc, particularly construction materials.<br />
<br />
http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Frederick_Braby_and_Co<br />
<br />
http://cosgb.blogspot.ca/2011/01/frederick-braby-co-ltd.html <br />
<br />
https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.445927392155989.1073741826.332518376830225&type=3 <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=Ll5YAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA486&ots=3i8gaRyMfS&dq=Ida%20Wharf%20(Galvanized%20Iron%20and%20Zinc%20Works)&pg=PA486#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=yPENAAAAQAAJ&lpg=RA1-PR5&ots=aghJ8-ORM5&dq=Ida%20Wharf%20(Galvanized%20Iron%20and%20Zinc%20Works)&pg=RA1-PR5#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=DEQ1AAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA144&ots=N0IuIkX2kd&dq=Ida%20Wharf%20(Galvanized%20Iron%20and%20Zinc%20Works)&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=WdVKAQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA74&ots=WcOQAEX2CK&dq=Ida%20Wharf%20(Galvanized%20Iron%20and%20Zinc%20Works)&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q&f=false</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Alaska_FactoryAlaska Factory2016-04-22T20:28:30Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1869 |has_coordinates=51.49458, -0.07755 |is_in=London |raw_material=Seal Skins and Furs }} {{Ownership record |from_date=1869 |to_date=1873 |was..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1869<br />
|has_coordinates=51.49458, -0.07755<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|raw_material=Seal Skins and Furs <br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1869<br />
|to_date=1873<br />
|was_owned_by=J.M. Oppenheim & Co.<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1873<br />
|to_date=1880<br />
|was_owned_by=Martin and Teichmann <br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1880<br />
|was_owned_by=C.W. Martin & Sons Ltd<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1869<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Leather and Skins Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
The Alaska Factory was built in 1869 by F.A. Schroeter, under J.M. Oppenheim & Co. The business was originally focused on the preparation of seal skins: unhairing, dressing and dyeing. As the seal trade diminished, the factory expanded to preparing general skins and furs. From 1880 the factory was under C.W. Martin & Sons Ltd until into the second half of the 20th century. During the Second World War, the factory focused its work on preparing sheepskins for the RAF flying suits. <br />
https://tigergrowl.wordpress.com/other-pages/the-alaska-factory-bermondsey/ <br />
<br />
“Alaska Factory<br />
Opened in 1869 for working seal fur, only the entrance gates with the carving of a seal remain of the old factory, once the haunt of 'shavers, blubberers, fleshers, dyers, tubbers and top-hatted wing-collared aproned craftsmen'. The newer art deco building is by architect Wallis Gilbert, who also designed the Hoover buildings in London.” http://www.secret-london.co.uk/Bermondsey_2.html <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=ATsuAAAAYAAJ&dq=C.W.%20Martin%20%26%20Sons&pg=PA567#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=fJo7AwAAQBAJ&lpg=PT198&ots=pTRB6Wkl_s&dq=alaska%20factory%20bermondsey&pg=PT199#v=onepage&q&f=false</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Neptune_Tar_and_Chemical_WorksNeptune Tar and Chemical Works2016-04-22T18:16:25Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1864 |has_coordinates=51.48474, -0.04084 |is_in=London |produced=Anthracene, Super Phosphates, Phenol, Ammonia, Naphtha, Paraffin |raw_material=Co..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1864<br />
|has_coordinates=51.48474, -0.04084<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Anthracene, Super Phosphates, Phenol, Ammonia, Naphtha, Paraffin<br />
|raw_material=Coal Tar <br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1864<br />
|was_owned_by=Arthur J. Dickinson<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1864<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Chemical Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
“Neptune Chemical Works. 1864, owned by A.J.Dickinson FRS, FSC, manufacturing chemist. They distilled tar, anthracene, and made super phosphate, Phenol, ammonia, naphtha, paraffin.” http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/2010/04/thames-tributary-earl-sluice-deptford.html <br />
<br />
"Established 1864. Arthur J. Dickinson Ltd opened the Neptune Tar and Chemical Works, at Deptford in London.<br />
The company manufactured refined tars and pitches which found a ready market in the ship building industry which prospered in Deptford in those days.<br />
1906 the first rope treatment emulsions were produced and now the company has an international reputation as the leading chemical supplier to the Hard Fibre processing industry." http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Arthur_J._Dickinson</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Thames_Silicated_Stone_WorksThames Silicated Stone Works2016-04-21T23:27:21Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1866 |has_coordinates=51.4969, 0.000518 |is_in=London |produced=Artificial stone |raw_material=sand, gravel, flint, limestone, chalk, caustic soda..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1866<br />
|has_coordinates=51.4969, 0.000518<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Artificial stone<br />
|raw_material=sand, gravel, flint, limestone, chalk, caustic soda, calcium chloride, water<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1866<br />
|to_date=1878<br />
|was_owned_by=Frederick Ransome <br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1878<br />
|to_date=1883<br />
|was_owned_by=Hodges, Butler, and Dale<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1866<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Chemical Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
“[Frederick Ransome] conceived the idea of producing artificial stone capable of being moulded to any form, and to be a perfect imitation, both in appearance and substance, of the blocks taken from our best quarries. For ten years, the difficulties he had to encounter were very great; but he at length succeeded in making not only perfectly equable and homogeneous grindstones, with keen cutting powers and that needed no dressing, but also the decorative stonework which, among other places, was introduced in the Brighton Aquarium, London Docks, Albert Bridge, Whitehall and St. Thomas’s Hospital. The demand for this artificial stone becoming much extended, the inventions were taken up by a company in 1871 and extensive works were erected at East Greenwich, to which the business was transferred. They were carried on by A. H. Bate- man & Co. Ltd. The material was, to all intents and purposes, a pure sandstone whose silicious particles were bound together by a cement of silicate of lime-a mineral substance well-known to be of the most indestructible nature. It could be moulded to any form while in a plastic state.<br />
<br />
Ransome’s artificial stone is prepared by mixing sodium silicate with sand, moulding the mixture to shape and then immersing the product in a solution of calcium chloride. A cement of calcium silicate is thus produced and the sodium, chloride is removed (though not completely) by prolonged washing with water. Samples of this stone have attained a crushing strength of 2 tons per square inch. This process owning to the expense of the skilled labour required has been discontinued.” https://greenwichpeninsulahistory.wordpress.com/2014/07/19/ransomes-artificial-stone-works/ <br />
<br />
<br />
“In 1866 Frederick Ransome came from Ipswich to take over a site roughly on the area of today’s Victoria Wharf for a ‘patent stone works’. He described this as an ‘immense factory…on an ugly and pestiferous marsh’.It is perhaps noteworthy that the site was partly owned by Henry Bessemer, the steel magnate.<br />
By 1868 Ransome was in business with a counting house, chimney, wharf, jetty and so on. The stone making process was somewhat complicated but in essence the idea was to ‘dissolve common flint’ and turn it into ‘glue’. This was used to bind pure sandstone with cement of silicate of lime. The result could be worked in a plastic state and later with a chisel like natural stone. It was said to produce ‘carvings like the best Portland stone’.31 Some of Ransome’s concrete can be seen at St.Thomas’s Hospital in London.<br />
Hodges, Butler and Dale, took over the stone works from Ransome and it is intriguing that after this date the rates were paid in the name of Henry Bessemer, himself as owner. In the future the factory was variously known as ‘Thames Silicated Stone’ or ‘Imperial Stone’ and the area became known as ‘Imperial Wharf’.” https://greenwichpeninsulahistory.wordpress.com/homepage/greenwich-marsh-by-mary-mills/chapter-10-bricks-and-mortar/ <br />
<br />
<br />
“The Ransome stone, as our readers are for the most part aware, is produced by dissolving flints in caustic soda and mixing the resulting silicate soda with dry silicious sand and limestone powder. The paste thus formed is to any desired shape, and then hardened by immersion in a solution chloride of calcium. A shower bath cold water drives off the chloride sodium, and the stone, after being dried, is ready for use.” https://books.google.ca/books?id=xVdEAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA142&ots=a8iBhktkgv&dq=ransome%20stone%20works&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
“The chief materials used in the manufacture of the patent concrete stone are sand, gravel, flints, chalk, limestone, caustic soda, chloride of calcium, and water. The works are most favourably situated for obtaining supplies of all these ingredients, some of which are found in the immediate neighbourhood. Gravel can be had cheaply enough from the bed of the Thames, whilst sand of the finest quality is obtained from Maidstone, whence it comes by water. Chalk and flint abound in pits near the works, the chemicals are conveyed from the north of England by water carriage, whilst a well which has been sunk on the works furnishes a water supply which is augmented when necessary by a main from the North Kent Water Company.” https://books.google.ca/books?id=17pXAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA398&ots=ceQfJyqwpO&dq=Thames%20Silicate%20Stone%20Works&pg=PA398#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
“Messrs. Hodges, Butler, & Dale, Thames Stone Works, Bridge-street, Westminster, and Greenwich (Stand 50) exhibit numerous specimens of “Imperial Stone” coping, windowsills, steps, coal-plate, stones, silicated st sewers, and water pipes, with other of artificial stone.” https://books.google.ca/books?id=EfYwAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA339&ots=N0S0P8Nrj5&dq=Hodges%20and%20Butler%20Thames%20Silicated%20Stone%20Works&pg=PA339#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
Detailed description of making the artifical stone: https://greenwichpeninsulahistory.wordpress.com/2013/08/08/kentish-mercury-article-on-patent-stone-works/ <br />
<br />
<br />
Detailed description of the works from 1868: https://books.google.ca/books?id=SEtCAQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA143&ots=EeF6Rphoiv&dq=Thames%20Silicate%20Stone%20Works&pg=PA143#v=onepage&q=Thames%20Silicate%20Stone%20Works&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=_eZBAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA206&ots=K0KD0gFfXw&dq=Hodges%20and%20Butler%20Thames%20Silicated%20Stone%20Works&pg=PA206#v=onepage&q=Hodges%20and%20Butler%20Thames%20Silicated%20Stone%20Works&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
The partnership between Hodges, Butler, & Dale was dissolved in 1883: <br />
"From the LONDON GAZETTE, Friday, Jan. 19." Times [London, England] 20 Jan. 1883: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 21 Apr. 2016.<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS168215604&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Lloyd%27s_Paper_MillsLloyd's Paper Mills2016-04-21T21:07:25Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1861<br />
|ended_operation=1877<br />
|has_coordinates=51.52892, -0.01165<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Paper<br />
|raw_material=Esparto<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1859<br />
|to_date=1877<br />
|was_owned_by=Edward Lloyd<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1861<br />
|to_date=1877<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Paper Making<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
Edward Lloyd was a successful publisher and printer before deciding to move into the paper-making industry. He opened a paper-making mill at Bow Bridge in 1861. By this time printing was expanding rapidly and paper-making was shifting from a small craft to an industrial process, and the traditional supplies of [[linen]], [[cotton rags]], and [[straw]] were running low. Lloyd began searching elsewhere for a new way to make paper and discovered North African [[esparto]] grass. A patent had been developed in 1837 that used [[esparto]] in paper-making, but the current quantities of [[esparto]] that were being shipping in were not adequate for Lloyd’s needs. Lloyd went to [[Algeria]] and southern [[Spain]] to set up lands to grow [[esparto]] in larger quantities. In 1863 Lloyd purchased an old paper mill at Sittingbourne in Kent that he then used to process the pulp that was shipped to the mill at Bow to be made into paper. In 1877 the entire paper-making operation was moved to Sittingbourne. <br />
<br />
“Establishing a paper mill and growing his own raw material made Lloyd the only Victorian newspaper proprietor to apply vertical integration – ownership and control of every aspect of the supply chain – to his business.” http://www.edwardlloyd.org/innovation.htm <br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/The_Engineer_1867/07/26 <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=qidJAAAAcAAJ&lpg=PA413&ots=WTif7H6RWm&dq=Lloyd's%20Paper%20Mills%20bow%20bridge&pg=PA413#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_(publisher)#Paper-making <br />
<br />
http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/2012/08/river-leabow-creek-bromley-by-bow.html</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Paper_MakingPaper Making2016-04-21T21:06:51Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Industry |produces=Paper |raw material=Linen, Cotton, Esparto, Timber, Straw, Hemp, }} ==Description== Paper is made from plant fibers, but only certain kinds of plant fi..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Paper<br />
|raw material=Linen, Cotton, Esparto, Timber, Straw, Hemp, <br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
Paper is made from plant fibers, but only certain kinds of plant fibers can create usable paper. <br />
The raw material needs to first be washed clean, then reduced to pulp, strained to extract the fiber, then pressed and heated to dry it.<br />
<br />
1. Boiling, beating and maceration to separate and suspend the cellulose fibre in water, with addition of chemicals and other substances to remove impurities, improve opacity, reduce ink absorption, de-ink waste paper etc (“wet end”)<br />
<br />
2. Filtering to form a matted sheet of fibre (“forming section”)<br />
<br />
3. Pressing and compacting the wet sheet to squeeze out the water (“press section”)<br />
<br />
4. Evaporation of the remaining moisture (“drier section”)<br />
<br />
5. Feeding of the dry sheet, with any additional treatment such as coating, on to reels (“calendar section”)</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Lloyd%27s_Paper_MillsLloyd's Paper Mills2016-04-21T20:45:42Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1861 |ended_operation=1877 |has_coordinates=51.52892, -0.01165 |is_in=London |produced=Paper |raw_material=Esparto }} {{Ownership record |from_dat..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1861<br />
|ended_operation=1877<br />
|has_coordinates=51.52892, -0.01165<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Paper<br />
|raw_material=Esparto<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1859<br />
|to_date=1877<br />
|was_owned_by=Edward Lloyd<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1861<br />
|to_date=1877<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Edward Lloyd was a successful publisher and printer before deciding to move into the paper-making industry. He opened a paper-making mill at Bow Bridge in 1861. By this time printing was expanding rapidly and paper-making was shifting from a small craft to an industrial process, and the traditional supplies of [[linen]], [[cotton rags]], and [[straw]] were running low. Lloyd began searching elsewhere for a new way to make paper and discovered North African [[esparto]] grass. A patent had been developed in 1837 that used [[esparto]] in paper-making, but the current quantities of [[esparto]] that were being shipping in were not adequate for Lloyd’s needs. Lloyd went to [[Algeria]] and southern [[Spain]] to set up lands to grow [[esparto]] in larger quantities. In 1863 Lloyd purchased an old paper mill at Sittingbourne in Kent that he then used to process the pulp that was shipped to the mill at Bow to be made into paper. In 1877 the entire paper-making operation was moved to Sittingbourne. <br />
<br />
“Establishing a paper mill and growing his own raw material made Lloyd the only Victorian newspaper proprietor to apply vertical integration – ownership and control of every aspect of the supply chain – to his business.” http://www.edwardlloyd.org/innovation.htm <br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/The_Engineer_1867/07/26 <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=qidJAAAAcAAJ&lpg=PA413&ots=WTif7H6RWm&dq=Lloyd's%20Paper%20Mills%20bow%20bridge&pg=PA413#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_(publisher)#Paper-making <br />
<br />
http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/2012/08/river-leabow-creek-bromley-by-bow.html</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/John_Broadwood_%26_Sons_Pianoforte_ManufactoryJohn Broadwood & Sons Pianoforte Manufactory2016-04-20T23:48:34Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1823<br />
|ended_operation=1902<br />
|has_coordinates=51.4944, -0.13046<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Grand piano, semi-grand piano, square piano, cottage upright piano, cabinet piano<br />
|raw_material=Timber, Mahogany, Cedar, Fir, Lime-tree, Beech, Sycamore, Rosewood, Beef-wood, Oak, Pine, Wire, Glue, Ivory, Ebony, Iron, Steel, Brass, Lead, Cloth, Vellum, Felt, Wool, Leather,<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1823<br />
|to_date=1902<br />
|was_owned_by=John Broadwood & Sons<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
Extensive details on factory layout and manufacturing process: George Dodd, Days at the Factories; or, The Manufacturing Industry of Great Britain Described, Series 1: London (London, 1843; repr. New York, 1967), 387–408. https://archive.org/stream/daysatfactories00doddgoog#page/n395/mode/2up <br />
<br />
“1842 - 2,500 pianos a year were being made in the great factory in Horseferry Road, Westminster. Broadwoods were one of the twelve largest employers of labour in London, in an industry that was still craft-based with all parts made in-house. <br />
<br />
1856 - The Horseferry Road factory burnt down. Only about 200 pianos salvaged. Production continued elsewhere until the factory could be rebuilt.<br />
<br />
1902 - Factory moved to Old Ford, Hackney, with new machinery and methods. Cuthbert Heath "the father of British insurance" became Chairman, his sister having married a Broadwood son.” http://www.broadwood.co.uk/history.html <br />
<br />
Dodd mentions that Spanish [[mahogany]] was preferred over Honduras [[mahogany]], but both were used. [[Mahogany]] was also shipped in from [[Mexico]], [[British West Indies]], [[Central America]], and [[British Honduras]]. Cedar was shipped in from [[Cuba]], [[Mexico]], and [[Central America]]. [[Fir]] was shipped in from [[Russia]], [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Germany]], and [[British North America]] ([[Canada]]). Oak was shipped in from [[Russia]], [[United States of America ]], [[Prussia]] ([[Germany]]), and [[British North America]] ([[Canada]]).<br />
[[Ivory]] was shipped in from [[Foreign West Africa Not Particularly Designated]], [[East Coast of Africa Native States]], and [[British East Indies]]. Ebony was shipped in from [[Western Coast of Africa not Particularly Designated]], [[India Singapore and Ceylon]], and [[Cuba]].<br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/heritage-culture-and-recreation/archives-and-history/surrey-history-centre/surrey-history-centre-help-for-researchers/archives-and-history-research-guides/john-broadwood-and-sons-piano-manufacturers <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=PvYgWaXfcIYC&lpg=PA4&dq=broadwood%20and%20sons&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
Kent, Marie. “The Piano-Industry Workforce in Mid-Victorian England: a Study of the 1881 Census.” Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 46:1 (2015): 95-158. DOI: 10.1080/14723808.2014.986259</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/India_Rubber_MillsIndia Rubber Mills2016-04-20T23:16:46Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1815<br />
|ended_operation=1907<br />
|has_coordinates=51.59452, -0.06637<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=elastic India rubber webs, surgical bandages, braces, garters, waist belts, shoulder straps, glove ties, stays, boots, laced stockings, saddle girths, horse rollers, waterproof cloth for coats, cloaks, capes, hammer cloths of carriages, canvas for tarpauling, cart tilts, rick cloths, tubes for engine pipes or hose, block rubber and sheet rubber, rubber for billiard table cushions, caoutchouc paste for rendering boots and shoes water proof, varnishes and solutions, caoutchouc paint, elastic bands for driving machinery,<br />
|raw_material=Caoutchouc<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1815<br />
|to_date=1820<br />
|was_owned_by=Louis Frébout<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1820<br />
|was_owned_by=Messrs. Lacy & Fisher<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1837<br />
|was_owned_by=London Caoutchouc Co<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|to_date=1907<br />
|was_owned_by=William Warne & Co<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1815<br />
|to_date=1837<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Rope and Fiber Industries<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1837<br />
|to_date=1907<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Rubber & Gutta Percha Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
“Another early factory, for winding silk, was built by Louis Frébout in 1815 and gave rise to Factory Lane. From c. 1820 it was leased for lace-making by Messrs. Lacy & Fisher, who had some 300 employees. In 1837 it was taken over by the new London Caoutchouc Co.,(fn. 108) which had been empowered to maintain imports of India rubber and promote its use (fn. 109) and which was later known as William Warne & Co., (fn. 110) from a partner who died in 1861. The rubber mills were extended after one of the four-storeyed blocks had been burned down in 1839 and included a 160-feet high stack, demolished in 1903. Part of the site was sold in 1904 to the Society of Licensed Victuallers, who built Dowsett Road, but the company continued to make rubber solution and a wide range of articles in Tottenham until it completed a move to Barking after the First World War.” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol5/pp333-339 <br />
<br />
“William Warne & Co Ltd was established in 1837 as a private company to manufacture rubber products.<br />
In 1895, the company became a joint stock company, the directors then being Edward Gerard Coles (Chairman), Ernest Harry Coles, George Frederick Spencer Warne, Oscar Edwin Coles, and James Burbridge; Ernest. F.Spencer Warne acted as the Company Secretary. The company factory was in Tottenham, Middlesex, with registered offices at 29 Gresham Street in the City of London. In 1907 the company purchased land in Barking and built a new factory there (India Rubber Mills) which became its headquarters.” http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb0350-bd9 <br />
<br />
“The company's operations have been attended with the desired success in making elastic India rubber webs, surgical bandages, braces, garters, waist belts, shoulder straps, glove ties, &c., stays, boots, laced stockings, &c., ; saddle girths, horse rollers, waterproof cloth for coats, cloaks, capes, hammer cloths of carriages, &c., ; canvas for tarpauling, cart tilts, rick cloths, &c., ; tubes for engine pipes or hose, &c., &c., ; block rubber and sheet rubber, rubber for billiard table cushions, caoutchouc paste for rendering boots and shoes water proof - for varnishes and solutions; caoutchouc paint, elastic bands for driving machinery, &c.” https://books.google.ca/books?id=t64LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
[[Caoutchouc]] was imported from [[Straits Settlements]], [[British India]], [[Ceylon]], and [[Brazil]].<br />
<br />
I can't find a clear source stating when the company changed from London Caoutchouc Co to William Warne & Co. It must have been somewhere between 1843 - 1856, just judging by articles in the Times.<br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016003237915035/part/first-page-pdf</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/James_Gibbs_and_Co._Chemical_Manure_WorksJames Gibbs and Co. Chemical Manure Works2016-04-20T23:11:44Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1860<br />
|ended_operation=1899<br />
|has_coordinates=51.50479, 0.014896<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Fertilizer, Vitriol<br />
|raw_material=sulphur, pyrites, bones, guano, mineral phosphates, sulphate of ammonia<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1860<br />
|to_date=1899<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Chemical Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Operation dates are estimates.<br />
<br />
“Gibbs, Bell & Co., of Victoria Docks, appears to have started as a vitriol manufacturer about 1862 and to have extended the business to fertilizers by 1866. (fn. 164) It was probably the predecessor of James Gibbs & Co., later Gibbs Fertilizers Ltd., which apparently ceased c. 1939. (fn. 165)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol6/pp76-89#p37 <br />
<br />
“Gibbs Manure and Vitriol Manufacturers. Established in the late 1850s. Using crude sulphur and pyrites to make sulphuric acid using faulty burners. The materials used in the manufacture of manure were dry bones, guano and mineral phosphates and sulphate of ammonia.” http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/2012/08/bow-creekriver-lea-leamouth.html <br />
<br />
“(1.) Messrs. Gibbs’ Oil of Vitriol and Manure Works (No. 3 on map). —Established here for twelve or fifteen years, (a.) The materials burned for the manufacture of oil of vitriol are crude sulphur and pyrites. The burners have not been acting well, and the escape of sulphurous acid has been made a subject of complaint to the West Ham Sanitary Authority. Under the direction of the Medical Officer of Health, Mr. Drake, alterations have been made from time to time during the last two years, and are still being made, efficiency having not yet been secured. (6.) The materials said to be used in the manufacture of manure are dry bones, guano and mineral phosphates, sulphate of ammonia being added to some kinds of manure. The best practicable means, so far as my knowledge extends, of preventing the escape of offensive effluvia into the atmosphere from the mixer and the reception-pits are in use in this establishment.” Except accidentally, I should very much doubt the extension of effluvia from these works to any considerable distance.” - Ballard’s Report on the Lower Thames 1873 https://greenwichpeninsulahistory.wordpress.com/category/site-area/delta-and-point/ <br />
<br />
In 1898/1899 it appears that the company was selling some of their Silvertown works: <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 5 Dec. 1898: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS268755845&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Messrs. Green And Son,." Times [London, England] 9 Dec. 1898: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS168878985&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 13 Mar. 1899: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS268756077&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 20 Mar. 1899: 18. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS302310516&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0<br />
<br />
[[Bones]] were shipped from soap factories around the country but were also imported from [[Russia]], [[Argentina]], [[Egypt]], and [[British India]], while [[phosphate]] was from the [[United States of America]], [[Algeria]], and [[Belgium]]. [[Guano]] was from [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]], and [[Uruguay]].</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/James_Gibbs_and_Co._Chemical_Manure_WorksJames Gibbs and Co. Chemical Manure Works2016-04-20T23:11:12Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1860<br />
|ended_operation=1899<br />
|has_coordinates=51.50479, 0.014896<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Fertilizer, Vitriol<br />
|raw_material=sulphur, pyrites, bones, guano, mineral phosphates, sulphate of ammonia<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1860<br />
|to_date=1899<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Chemical Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
Operation dates are estimates.<br />
<br />
“Gibbs, Bell & Co., of Victoria Docks, appears to have started as a vitriol manufacturer about 1862 and to have extended the business to fertilizers by 1866. (fn. 164) It was probably the predecessor of James Gibbs & Co., later Gibbs Fertilizers Ltd., which apparently ceased c. 1939. (fn. 165)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol6/pp76-89#p37 <br />
<br />
“Gibbs Manure and Vitriol Manufacturers. Established in the late 1850s. Using crude sulphur and pyrites to make sulphuric acid using faulty burners. The materials used in the manufacture of manure were dry bones, guano and mineral phosphates and sulphate of ammonia.” http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/2012/08/bow-creekriver-lea-leamouth.html <br />
<br />
“(1.) Messrs. Gibbs’ Oil of Vitriol and Manure Works (No. 3 on map). —Established here for twelve or fifteen years, (a.) The materials burned for the manufacture of oil of vitriol are crude sulphur and pyrites. The burners have not been acting well, and the escape of sulphurous acid has been made a subject of complaint to the West Ham Sanitary Authority. Under the direction of the Medical Officer of Health, Mr. Drake, alterations have been made from time to time during the last two years, and are still being made, efficiency having not yet been secured. (6.) The materials said to be used in the manufacture of manure are dry bones, guano and mineral phosphates, sulphate of ammonia being added to some kinds of manure. The best practicable means, so far as my knowledge extends, of preventing the escape of offensive effluvia into the atmosphere from the mixer and the reception-pits are in use in this establishment.” Except accidentally, I should very much doubt the extension of effluvia from these works to any considerable distance.” - Ballard’s Report on the Lower Thames 1873 https://greenwichpeninsulahistory.wordpress.com/category/site-area/delta-and-point/ <br />
<br />
In 1898/1899 it appears that the company was selling some of their Silvertown works: <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 5 Dec. 1898: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS268755845&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Messrs. Green And Son,." Times [London, England] 9 Dec. 1898: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS168878985&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 13 Mar. 1899: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS268756077&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 20 Mar. 1899: 18. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS302310516&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0<br />
<br />
[[Bones]] were shipped from soap factories around the country but were also imported from [[Russia]], [[Argentina]], [[Egypt]], and [[British India]], while [[phosphate]] was from the [[United States of America]], [[Algeria]], and [[Belgium]]. [[Guano]] was from [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]], and [[Uruguay]].</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/James_Gibbs_and_Co._Chemical_Manure_WorksJames Gibbs and Co. Chemical Manure Works2016-04-20T23:09:19Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1860 |ended_operation=1899 |has_coordinates=51.50479, 0.014896 |is_in=London |produced=Fertilizer, Vitriol |raw_material=sulphur, pyrites, bones,..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1860<br />
|ended_operation=1899<br />
|has_coordinates=51.50479, 0.014896<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Fertilizer, Vitriol<br />
|raw_material=sulphur, pyrites, bones, guano, mineral phosphates, sulphate of ammonia<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1860<br />
|to_date=1899<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Chemical Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Operation dates are estimates.<br />
<br />
“Gibbs, Bell & Co., of Victoria Docks, appears to have started as a vitriol manufacturer about 1862 and to have extended the business to fertilizers by 1866. (fn. 164) It was probably the predecessor of James Gibbs & Co., later Gibbs Fertilizers Ltd., which apparently ceased c. 1939. (fn. 165)” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol6/pp76-89#p37 <br />
<br />
“Gibbs Manure and Vitriol Manufacturers. Established in the late 1850s. Using crude sulphur and pyrites to make sulphuric acid using faulty burners. The materials used in the manufacture of manure were dry bones, guano and mineral phosphates and sulphate of ammonia.” http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/2012/08/bow-creekriver-lea-leamouth.html <br />
<br />
“(1.) Messrs. Gibbs’ Oil of Vitriol and Manure Works (No. 3 on map). —Established here for twelve or fifteen years, (a.) The materials burned for the manufacture of oil of vitriol are crude sulphur and pyrites. The burners have not been acting well, and the escape of sulphurous acid has been made a subject of complaint to the West Ham Sanitary Authority. Under the direction of the Medical Officer of Health, Mr. Drake, alterations have been made from time to time during the last two years, and are still being made, efficiency having not yet been secured. (6.) The materials said to be used in the manufacture of manure are dry bones, guano and mineral phosphates, sulphate of ammonia being added to some kinds of manure. The best practicable means, so far as my knowledge extends, of preventing the escape of offensive effluvia into the atmosphere from the mixer and the reception-pits are in use in this establishment.” Except accidentally, I should very much doubt the extension of effluvia from these works to any considerable distance.” - Ballard’s Report on the Lower Thames 1873 https://greenwichpeninsulahistory.wordpress.com/category/site-area/delta-and-point/ <br />
<br />
In 1898/1899 it appears that the company was selling some of their Silvertown works: <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 5 Dec. 1898: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS268755845&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Messrs. Green And Son,." Times [London, England] 9 Dec. 1898: 10. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS168878985&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 13 Mar. 1899: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS268756077&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 20 Mar. 1899: 18. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 20 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS302310516&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/India_Rubber_MillsIndia Rubber Mills2016-04-20T20:37:38Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1815 |ended_operation=1907 |has_coordinates=51.59452, -0.06637 |is_in=London |produced=elastic India rubber webs, surgical bandages, braces, garte..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1815<br />
|ended_operation=1907<br />
|has_coordinates=51.59452, -0.06637<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=elastic India rubber webs, surgical bandages, braces, garters, waist belts, shoulder straps, glove ties, stays, boots, laced stockings, saddle girths, horse rollers, waterproof cloth for coats, cloaks, capes, hammer cloths of carriages, canvas for tarpauling, cart tilts, rick cloths, tubes for engine pipes or hose, block rubber and sheet rubber, rubber for billiard table cushions, caoutchouc paste for rendering boots and shoes water proof, varnishes and solutions, caoutchouc paint, elastic bands for driving machinery,<br />
|raw_material=Caoutchouc<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1815<br />
|to_date=1820<br />
|was_owned_by=Louis Frébout <br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1820<br />
|was_owned_by=Messrs. Lacy & Fisher<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1837<br />
|was_owned_by= London Caoutchouc Co<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|to_date=1907<br />
|was_owned_by=William Warne & Co<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1815<br />
|to_date=1837<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Rope and Fiber Industries<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1837<br />
|to_date=1907<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Rubber & Gutta Percha Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
“Another early factory, for winding silk, was built by Louis Frébout in 1815 and gave rise to Factory Lane. From c. 1820 it was leased for lace-making by Messrs. Lacy & Fisher, who had some 300 employees. In 1837 it was taken over by the new London Caoutchouc Co.,(fn. 108) which had been empowered to maintain imports of India rubber and promote its use (fn. 109) and which was later known as William Warne & Co., (fn. 110) from a partner who died in 1861. The rubber mills were extended after one of the four-storeyed blocks had been burned down in 1839 and included a 160-feet high stack, demolished in 1903. Part of the site was sold in 1904 to the Society of Licensed Victuallers, who built Dowsett Road, but the company continued to make rubber solution and a wide range of articles in Tottenham until it completed a move to Barking after the First World War.” http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol5/pp333-339 <br />
<br />
“William Warne & Co Ltd was established in 1837 as a private company to manufacture rubber products.<br />
In 1895, the company became a joint stock company, the directors then being Edward Gerard Coles (Chairman), Ernest Harry Coles, George Frederick Spencer Warne, Oscar Edwin Coles, and James Burbridge; Ernest. F.Spencer Warne acted as the Company Secretary. The company factory was in Tottenham, Middlesex, with registered offices at 29 Gresham Street in the City of London. In 1907 the company purchased land in Barking and built a new factory there (India Rubber Mills) which became its headquarters.” http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb0350-bd9 <br />
<br />
“The company's operations have been attended with the desired success in making elastic India rubber webs, surgical bandages, braces, garters, waist belts, shoulder straps, glove ties, &c., stays, boots, laced stockings, &c., ; saddle girths, horse rollers, waterproof cloth for coats, cloaks, capes, hammer cloths of carriages, &c., ; canvas for tarpauling, cart tilts, rick cloths, &c., ; tubes for engine pipes or hose, &c., &c., ; block rubber and sheet rubber, rubber for billiard table cushions, caoutchouc paste for rendering boots and shoes water proof - for varnishes and solutions; caoutchouc paint, elastic bands for driving machinery, &c.” https://books.google.ca/books?id=t64LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
I can't find a clear source stating when the company changed from London Caoutchouc Co to William Warne & Co. - somewhere between 1843 - 1856, just judging by articles in the Times.<br />
<br />
<br />
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016003237915035/part/first-page-pdf</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/John_Broadwood_%26_Sons_Pianoforte_ManufactoryJohn Broadwood & Sons Pianoforte Manufactory2016-04-19T23:14:16Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1823 |ended_operation=1902 |has_coordinates=51.4944, -0.13046 |is_in=London |produced=Grand piano, semi-grand piano, square piano, cottage upright..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1823<br />
|ended_operation=1902<br />
|has_coordinates=51.4944, -0.13046<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Grand piano, semi-grand piano, square piano, cottage upright piano, cabinet piano<br />
|raw_material=Timber, Mahogany, Cedar, Fir, Lime-tree, Beech, Sycamore, Rosewood, Beef-wood, Oak, Pine, Wire, Glue, Ivory, Ebony, Iron. Steel, Brass, Lead, Cloth, Vellum, Felt, Wool, Leather,<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1823<br />
|to_date=1902<br />
|was_owned_by=John Broadwood & Sons<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Extensive details on factory layout and manufacturing process: George Dodd, Days at the Factories; or, The Manufacturing Industry of Great Britain Described, Series 1: London (London, 1843; repr. New York, 1967), 387–408. https://archive.org/stream/daysatfactories00doddgoog#page/n395/mode/2up <br />
<br />
“1842 - 2,500 pianos a year were being made in the great factory in Horseferry Road, Westminster. Broadwoods were one of the twelve largest employers of labour in London, in an industry that was still craft-based with all parts made in-house. <br />
<br />
1856 - The Horseferry Road factory burnt down. Only about 200 pianos salvaged. Production continued elsewhere until the factory could be rebuilt.<br />
<br />
1902 - Factory moved to Old Ford, Hackney, with new machinery and methods. Cuthbert Heath "the father of British insurance" became Chairman, his sister having married a Broadwood son.” http://www.broadwood.co.uk/history.html <br />
<br />
http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/heritage-culture-and-recreation/archives-and-history/surrey-history-centre/surrey-history-centre-help-for-researchers/archives-and-history-research-guides/john-broadwood-and-sons-piano-manufacturers <br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=PvYgWaXfcIYC&lpg=PA4&dq=broadwood%20and%20sons&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
Kent, Marie. “The Piano-Industry Workforce in Mid-Victorian England: a Study of the 1881 Census.” Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 46:1 (2015): 95-158. DOI: 10.1080/14723808.2014.986259</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Falcon_Pencil_WorksFalcon Pencil Works2016-04-19T19:20:19Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1878 |ended_operation=1920 |has_coordinates=51.47061, -0.17354 |is_in=London |produced=Black Lead Pencils, Crayons, Indelible Ink Pencils, Drawing..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1878<br />
|ended_operation=1920<br />
|has_coordinates=51.47061, -0.17354<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Black Lead Pencils, Crayons, Indelible Ink Pencils, Drawing Materials and Stationery Novelties, Spanish Graphite Pencils, Paper Cleaners, Leads for Ever-pointed Pencils, Indelible Black and Coloured Pencils, Audascript Pens, the Limnoscope or Drawing Apparatus, Eclipse Marking Ink<br />
|raw_material=Timber, Red Cedar, Graphite, Clay<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1878<br />
|to_date=1920<br />
|was_owned_by=E. Wolff and Sons<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
E. Wolff and Sons was founded in 1796. Their products were extremely popular and found in markets all over the world. The Falcon Pencil Works opened in 1878 but closed in the early 1920s after a merger with B. S. Cohen to become Royal Sovereign Pencil Company Limited. <br />
<br />
This page has a lot of great information about the resources and methods used: http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Royal_Sovereign_Pencil_Co:_1934_Review <br />
<br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=aTQGAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA135&ots=segJrBehAt&dq=Falcon%20Pencil%20Works%20london&pg=PA135#v=onepage&q&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
“Wolff, E. & Son, 55, Great Queen Street, Holborn, W.C., and Falcon Pencil Works, Battersea, London, S.W.<br />
<br />
Black Lead Pencils, Crayons, Indelible Ink Pencils.<br />
<br />
Drawing Materials and Stationery Novelties <br />
<br />
Specialities: Spanish Graphite Pencils, Paper Cleaners, Leads for Ever-pointed Pencils, Indelible Black and Coloured Pencils, Audascript Pens, the Limnoscope or Drawing Apparatus, Eclipse Marking Ink requiring no heating, &c<br />
<br />
At Bay No. 9, see processes in connection with the Manufacture of Black Lead Pencils.”<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=kh4CAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA198&ots=EyOzmxSg0L&dq=Falcon%20Pencil%20Works%20london&pg=PA198#v=onepage&q=Falcon%20Pencil%20Works%20london&f=false<br />
<br />
<br />
“Falcon Pencil Works. Elias Wolff was a pencil maker working, in Spitalfields in the 1840s. His pencils were exhibited at the 1851 Great Exhibition. The Falcon Pencil Works in Gurling’s Yard was built in 1878 for the company. The factory closed in the early 1920s after they were taken over by the new Royal Sovereign Pencil Co. Ltd, and production moved to Neasden.” http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/ <br />
<br />
http://www.npg.org.uk/research/programmes/directory-of-suppliers/w.php</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Wandsworth_DistilleryWandsworth Distillery2016-04-18T23:38:35Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1870<br />
|has_coordinates=51.46467, -0.18381<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Spirits<br />
|raw_material=Barley, Malt, Yeast<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1780<br />
|was_owned_by=Richard Bush<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|was_owned_by=John Watney & Co<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1780<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Distilling Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Seems to be related to some of the mills in Wandsworth.<br />
<br />
<br />
“Richard Bush founded Wandsworth Distillery on Gargoyle Wharf on the Thames around 1780.” http://services.english-heritage.org.uk/ResearchReportsPdfs/097-2009WEB.pdf <br />
<br />
<br />
“Again the mill was rebuilt, and insurance was taken out by Gosse and the Bells for the last time on 16 February 1781. The register record of the policy was marked "Void June 20, 1783" [18], when the partnership relinquished the lease. This was taken up by Richard Bush, whose father, Richard Bush senior, was the head partner in a firm operating the newlyestablished Wandsworth Distillery, situated on the bank of the Thames just downstream from Wandsworth Bridge. Richard Bush had probably been working at the mill for some time previously, for he had insured his utensils and stock contained therein with the Sun insurance company on 3 January 1783.<br />
<br />
Daniel Watney was named as the occupier in the book of reference to a Deposited Plan of 1834 , and also on the schedule to the Wandsworth Tithe Map of 1838. He gave up milling a few years later, and went to the Wandsworth Distillery, previously mentioned. His younger brother James Watney, who was managing the Middle Mill and Upper Mill at Wandsworth, then took over the Lower Mill also. In about 1847 James Watney went into partnership with William Henry Wells, and in May 1848 they purchased the Surrey Iron Railway basin and wharf following the closure of that railway in 1846.” http://www.wandle.org/mills/lowermillwandsworth.pdf <br />
<br />
<br />
“Lower Mills. The site was north of the Richmond railway, where a bridge crossed the river. They were also known as ‘Causeway Mills’, and belonged to Richard Bush. He was a promoter of the Surrey Iron Railway and owned the Wandsworth distillery, and was presumably the same Bush who had an interest in the Earlsfield oil mills. In 1723 they were used as oil mills but in 1745 they were used for malt. The Lower Mills were partly tide mills. The enabling act for the Surrey Iron Railway provided Richard Bush who occupied mills owned by the Rev. Charles Sampson and James Drew should control any sluices from the new dock, so that the milling should not be interfered with. Later both the mills and the distillery passed to the Watneys, the distillery becoming John Watney & Co., and in the late c19th the mills were used to clean wheat which was then rolled at the Upper and Mills. The mill worked 12 pairs of French burrstones with three water wheels. It was closed in 1893 and demolished in 1898." http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/2010/11/thames-tributary-wandle-wandsworth.html <br />
<br />
<br />
By 1874, the Wandsworth Distillery was under the names “John and Daniel Watney.” https://books.google.ca/books?id=cPANAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA186&ots=nIMcCWDZGx&dq=Wandsworth%20distillery%20richard%20bush&pg=PA186#v=onepage&q=Wandsworth%20distillery%20richard%20bush&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
Description of Watney’s distillery: https://books.google.ca/books?id=mbcHAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA445&dq=watney%20Distillery&pg=PA445#v=onepage&q=watney%20Distillery&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
1924, still in the Watney family under John Watney & Co<br />
"From The London Gazette." Times [London, England] 27 Aug. 1924: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.<br />
URL<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS202839835&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0<br />
<br />
<br />
Fire 1888<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 14 Nov. 1888: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.<br />
URL<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS268750702&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
<br />
Fire November 22, 1905<br />
Index." Times [London, England] 23 Nov. 1905: 9. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.<br />
URL<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS151318903&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
<br />
Fire May 31 1913<br />
"Fair Week-End Weather." Times [London, England] 31 May 1913: 8. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.<br />
URL<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS135069887&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Wandsworth_DistilleryWandsworth Distillery2016-04-18T23:33:59Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Factory |started_operation=1870 |has_coordinates=51.46467,-0.18381 |is_in=London |produced=Spirits }} {{Ownership record |from_date=1780 |was_owned_by=Richard Bush }} {{Owne..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Factory<br />
|started_operation=1870<br />
|has_coordinates=51.46467,-0.18381<br />
|is_in=London<br />
|produced=Spirits<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|from_date=1780<br />
|was_owned_by=Richard Bush<br />
}}<br />
{{Ownership record<br />
|was_owned_by=John Watney & Co<br />
}}<br />
{{Industry record<br />
|from_date=1780<br />
|was_part_of_industry=Distilling Industry<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Seems to be related to some of the mills in Wandsworth.<br />
<br />
<br />
“Richard Bush founded Wandsworth Distillery on Gargoyle Wharf on the Thames around 1780.” http://services.english-heritage.org.uk/ResearchReportsPdfs/097-2009WEB.pdf <br />
<br />
<br />
“Again the mill was rebuilt, and insurance was taken out by Gosse and the Bells for the last time on 16 February 1781. The register record of the policy was marked "Void June 20, 1783" [18], when the partnership relinquished the lease. This was taken up by Richard Bush, whose father, Richard Bush senior, was the head partner in a firm operating the newlyestablished Wandsworth Distillery, situated on the bank of the Thames just downstream from Wandsworth Bridge. Richard Bush had probably been working at the mill for some time previously, for he had insured his utensils and stock contained therein with the Sun insurance company on 3 January 1783.<br />
<br />
Daniel Watney was named as the occupier in the book of reference to a Deposited Plan of 1834 , and also on the schedule to the Wandsworth Tithe Map of 1838. He gave up milling a few years later, and went to the Wandsworth Distillery, previously mentioned. His younger brother James Watney, who was managing the Middle Mill and Upper Mill at Wandsworth, then took over the Lower Mill also. In about 1847 James Watney went into partnership with William Henry Wells, and in May 1848 they purchased the Surrey Iron Railway basin and wharf following the closure of that railway in 1846.” http://www.wandle.org/mills/lowermillwandsworth.pdf <br />
<br />
<br />
“Lower Mills. The site was north of the Richmond railway, where a bridge crossed the river. They were also known as ‘Causeway Mills’, and belonged to Richard Bush. He was a promoter of the Surrey Iron Railway and owned the Wandsworth distillery, and was presumably the same Bush who had an interest in the Earlsfield oil mills. In 1723 they were used as oil mills but in 1745 they were used for malt. The Lower Mills were partly tide mills. The enabling act for the Surrey Iron Railway provided Richard Bush who occupied mills owned by the Rev. Charles Sampson and James Drew should control any sluices from the new dock, so that the milling should not be interfered with. Later both the mills and the distillery passed to the Watneys, the distillery becoming John Watney & Co., and in the late c19th the mills were used to clean wheat which was then rolled at the Upper and Mills. The mill worked 12 pairs of French burrstones with three water wheels. It was closed in 1893 and demolished in 1898." http://edithsstreets.blogspot.ca/2010/11/thames-tributary-wandle-wandsworth.html <br />
<br />
<br />
By 1874, the Wandsworth Distillery was under the names “John and Daniel Watney.” https://books.google.ca/books?id=cPANAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA186&ots=nIMcCWDZGx&dq=Wandsworth%20distillery%20richard%20bush&pg=PA186#v=onepage&q=Wandsworth%20distillery%20richard%20bush&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
Description of Watney’s distillery: https://books.google.ca/books?id=mbcHAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PA445&dq=watney%20Distillery&pg=PA445#v=onepage&q=watney%20Distillery&f=false <br />
<br />
<br />
1924, still in the Watney family under John Watney & Co<br />
"From The London Gazette." Times [London, England] 27 Aug. 1924: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.<br />
URL<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS202839835&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0<br />
<br />
<br />
Fire 1888<br />
"Sales By Auction." Times [London, England] 14 Nov. 1888: 16. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.<br />
URL<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS268750702&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
<br />
Fire November 22, 1905<br />
Index." Times [London, England] 23 Nov. 1905: 9. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.<br />
URL<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS151318903&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
<br />
Fire May 31 1913<br />
"Fair Week-End Weather." Times [London, England] 31 May 1913: 8. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Apr. 2016.<br />
URL<br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS135069887&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/GuanoGuano2016-04-18T21:50:49Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Raw material<br />
|comes from=Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay<br />
|has_commodity_id=551<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Guano is bird droppings, used as a fertilizer that has high nitrogen, phosphate and potassium content. Guano was first harvest from the Peruvian Chincha Islands in the 1840s and played a significant role in US expansion across the Pacific, due to the Guano Islands Act of 1856. Guano was also the basis of a war between Spain and a Peruvian-Chilean alliance, the Chincha Islands War from 1864–1866. Guano lost popularity after 1870 when it was replaced by saltpeter from the interior of the Atacama Desert.</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Flaxseed_OilFlaxseed Oil2016-04-18T21:41:51Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Raw material<br />
|comes from=Russia, British India, Holland<br />
|has_commodity_id=550<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Database name: Flaxseed and Linseed<br />
<br />
Used in oil paints, varnish, and wood finish. Sometimes used in soap-making.<br />
<br />
[http://www.quadrigram.com/editor/#p/lineseed Flaxseed and Linseed Visualization]</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Trinidad_Lake_Asphalt_CompanyTrinidad Lake Asphalt Company2016-04-06T19:18:59Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Company<br />
|started=1883<br />
|ended=1971<br />
|located=London<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Trinidad Asphalt Works: 51.47074, -0.18468<br />
<br />
<br />
“The Trinidad Asphalt Company was formed in the year 1883 to acquire the interest of several leases holding licenses to work portions of the justly-celebrated Pitch Lake in the Island of Trinidad (British Colony), who obtained from the British Crown the exclusive right to remove and export asphalt from the lake. The Company also owns the freehold of upwards of 2600 acres of land bordering on or adjacent to the PItch Lake, containing the greatest quantities of asphalt equally valuable for some purposes, but not as valuable for street paving as the lake asphalt.<br />
<br />
The Pitch Lake is situated in the south-west part of the Island of Trinidad, about two-thirds of a mile from the sea coast, and in extent has an area of about 114 acres, containing many millions of tons of asphalt.<br />
<br />
The lake has been known for a great number of years, but it is only recently that the export has been on an extensive scale. During the years 1867 to 1877 the shipments of lake asphalt amounted to 93,424 tons, or an average of 8,766 ton per annum, of which 81,622 tons came to Europe and 14,802 tons went to America.<br />
<br />
The rock asphalts, as used in London, were introduced into Europe thirty-seven years ago, but in all that period is is believed have only reached a development of some 3,500,000 square yards, while in one year alone (1896) in the United States and Canada upwards of 2,200,000 square yards of Trinidad Lake Asphalt were laid. The difference is due to the slipperiness of rock asphalt, a defect from which Trinidad asphalt is free. Rock asphalt was laid in Washington in 1876, but after two years trial the Commissioners considered it “as being too slippery for practical use.” No more of it has been laid, and the piece laid in 1876 was taken up and replaced with Trinidad Lake Asphalt, with which upwards to 102 miles of roadway in that city are now laid.<br />
<br />
…<br />
<br />
That the licenses were justified in the conclusions which led them to make the combination is shown by the fact that in the nine years following, the Trinidad Asphalt Company shipped 702,500 tons, or an average of 78,000 tons per annum, as compared with the 96,424 tons for the whole eleven years before the formation of the Company, and that while the concessionaires had contracted to pay the Trinidad Government a minimum royalty of £10,000 per annum for their exclusive concession, the actual payments have averaged £26,000 per annum. This large increase has been mainly brought about by the strong hold this particular form of street paving has obtained in the leading cities in the United States, on account of its cleanly and sanitary advantages, its durability, and by reason of the Trinidad Lake Asphalt Paving as now laid offering a far better foothold for horses than other Asphalts of wood or granite pavements.”<br />
<br />
<br />
Net profits:<br />
<br />
1889 …… £27,650<br />
<br />
1890 ….... £33,200<br />
<br />
1891 …… £34,000<br />
<br />
1892 …… £45,381<br />
<br />
1894 …… £52, 937<br />
<br />
1895 …… £58,646<br />
<br />
1896 …… £53,973<br />
<br />
<br />
Total Shipments (in tons)<br />
<br />
1893 …… 88,051<br />
<br />
1894 …… 94,946<br />
<br />
1895 …… 81,080<br />
<br />
1896 …… 82,946<br />
<br />
<br />
"The New Trinidad Lake Asphalt Company, Limited." Times [London, England] 17 Dec. 1897: 5. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. <br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS84074897&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
<br />
The Trinidad Lake Asphalt combined with the Limmer Asphalte Paving Company in 1916 to form the Limmer and Trinidad Lake Asphalt Company, which was absorbed by Tarmac in 1971.<br />
<br />
<br />
"Limmer Asphalte Paving Company (Limited)." Times [London, England] 18 July 1916: 13. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS218302194&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0<br />
<br />
"Road makers prepare for the day the chips are down." Times [London, England] 4 Oct. 1971: 19. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS319518020&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Trinidad_Lake_Asphalt_CompanyTrinidad Lake Asphalt Company2016-04-06T18:59:22Z<p>EliseLehmann: Created page with "{{Company |started=1883 |ended=1971 |located=London }} ==Description== “The Trinidad Asphalt Company was formed in the year 1883 to acquire the interest of several leases..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Company<br />
|started=1883<br />
|ended=1971<br />
|located=London<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
“The Trinidad Asphalt Company was formed in the year 1883 to acquire the interest of several leases holding licenses to work portions of the justly-celebrated Pitch Lake in the Island of Trinidad (British Colony), who obtained from the British Crown the exclusive right to remove and export asphalt from the lake. The Company also owns the freehold of upwards of 2600 acres of land bordering on or adjacent to the PItch Lake, containing the greatest quantities of asphalt equally valuable for some purposes, but not as valuable for street paving as the lake asphalt.<br />
<br />
The Pitch Lake is situated in the south-west part of the Island of Trinidad, about two-thirds of a mile from the sea coast, and in extent has an area of about 114 acres, containing many millions of tons of asphalt.<br />
<br />
The lake has been known for a great number of years, but it is only recently that the export has been on an extensive scale. During the years 1867 to 1877 the shipments of lake asphalt amounted to 93,424 tons, or an average of 8,766 ton per annum, of which 81,622 tons came to Europe and 14,802 tons went to America.<br />
<br />
The rock asphalts, as used in London, were introduced into Europe thirty-seven years ago, but in all that period is is believed have only reached a development of some 3,500,000 square yards, while in one year alone (1896) in the United States and Canada upwards of 2,200,000 square yards of Trinidad Lake Asphalt were laid. The difference is due to the slipperiness of rock asphalt, a defect from which Trinidad asphalt is free. Rock asphalt was laid in Washington in 1876, but after two years trial the Commissioners considered it “as being too slippery for practical use.” No more of it has been laid, and the piece laid in 1876 was taken up and replaced with Trinidad Lake Asphalt, with which upwards to 102 miles of roadway in that city are now laid.<br />
<br />
…<br />
<br />
That the licenses were justified in the conclusions which led them to make the combination is shown by the fact that in the nine years following, the Trinidad Asphalt Company shipped 702,500 tons, or an average of 78,000 tons per annum, as compared with the 96,424 tons for the whole eleven years before the formation of the Company, and that while the concessionaires had contracted to pay the Trinidad Government a minimum royalty of £10,000 per annum for their exclusive concession, the actual payments have averaged £26,000 per annum. This large increase has been mainly brought about by the strong hold this particular form of street paving has obtained in the leading cities in the United States, on account of its cleanly and sanitary advantages, its durability, and by reason of the Trinidad Lake Asphalt Paving as now laid offering a far better foothold for horses than other Asphalts of wood or granite pavements.”<br />
<br />
<br />
Net profits:<br />
<br />
1889 …… £27,650<br />
<br />
1890 ….... £33,200<br />
<br />
1891 …… £34,000<br />
<br />
1892 …… £45,381<br />
<br />
1894 …… £52, 937<br />
<br />
1895 …… £58,646<br />
<br />
1896 …… £53,973<br />
<br />
<br />
Total Shipments (in tons)<br />
<br />
1893 …… 88,051<br />
<br />
1894 …… 94,946<br />
<br />
1895 …… 81,080<br />
<br />
1896 …… 82,946<br />
<br />
<br />
"The New Trinidad Lake Asphalt Company, Limited." Times [London, England] 17 Dec. 1897: 5. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. <br />
http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS84074897&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0 <br />
<br />
<br />
The Trinidad Lake Asphalt combined with the Limmer Asphalte Paving Company in 1916 to form the Limmer and Trinidad Lake Asphalt Company, which was absorbed by Tarmac in 1971.<br />
<br />
<br />
"Limmer Asphalte Paving Company (Limited)." Times [London, England] 18 July 1916: 13. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=&docId=CS218302194&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0<br />
<br />
"Road makers prepare for the day the chips are down." Times [London, England] 4 Oct. 1971: 19. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=usaskmain&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=CS319518020&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Grain_Milling_IndustryGrain Milling Industry2016-04-04T18:21:22Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Flour<br />
|raw material=Wheat, Rice, Rye, Oats, Barley, Buckwheat, Maize,<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
What else did the grain mills process?<br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&lpg=PA768&ots=nJPjb6qaDn&dq=Grain%20Milling%2019th%20century%20london&pg=PA767#v=onepage&q&f=false</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Grain_Milling_IndustryGrain Milling Industry2016-04-04T18:20:54Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Flour<br />
|raw material=Wheat, Rice, Rye, Oats, Barley, Buckwheat, Maize, <br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
What else did the grain mills process?</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Grain_Milling_IndustryGrain Milling Industry2016-04-04T17:38:36Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Flour<br />
|raw material=Wheat, Rice, Rye, Oats, Barley<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
What else did the grain mills process?</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/ShipyardsShipyards2016-04-04T17:22:15Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Vessels, Ships, Navy Ships, Barges, River Boats<br />
|raw material=Timber, Iron, Steel, Copper, Rope, Varnish, Linseed Oil, Paint, Cement, <br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
"Shipyards and dockyards are places where ships are repaired and built. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial construction. The terms are routinely used interchangeably, in part because the evolution of dockyards and shipyards has often caused them to change or merge roles. <br />
<br />
Shipyards are constructed nearby the sea or tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships. In the United Kingdom, for example, shipyards were established on the River Thames (King Henry VIII founded yards at Woolwich and Deptford in 1512 and 1513 respectively), River Mersey, River Tees, River Tyne, River Wear and River Clyde – the latter growing to be the World's pre-eminent shipbuilding centre.<br />
<br />
The site of a large shipyard will contain many specialised cranes, dry docks, slipways, dust-free warehouses, painting facilities and extremely large areas for fabrication of the ships." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipyard<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat_building</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/ShipyardsShipyards2016-04-04T16:59:37Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Vessels, Ships, Navy Ships, Barges, River Boats<br />
|raw material=Timber, Iron, Steel, Copper, Rope, Varnish, Linseed Oil, Paint, Cement, Coal<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
"Shipyards and dockyards are places where ships are repaired and built. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial construction. The terms are routinely used interchangeably, in part because the evolution of dockyards and shipyards has often caused them to change or merge roles. <br />
<br />
Shipyards are constructed nearby the sea or tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships. In the United Kingdom, for example, shipyards were established on the River Thames (King Henry VIII founded yards at Woolwich and Deptford in 1512 and 1513 respectively), River Mersey, River Tees, River Tyne, River Wear and River Clyde – the latter growing to be the World's pre-eminent shipbuilding centre.<br />
<br />
The site of a large shipyard will contain many specialised cranes, dry docks, slipways, dust-free warehouses, painting facilities and extremely large areas for fabrication of the ships." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipyard<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat_building</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/ShipyardsShipyards2016-04-04T16:59:13Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Vessels, Ships, Navy Ships, Barges, River Boats<br />
|raw material=Timber, Iron, Steel, Copper, Rope, Varnish, Linseed Oil, Paint, Cement Coal<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
"Shipyards and dockyards are places where ships are repaired and built. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial construction. The terms are routinely used interchangeably, in part because the evolution of dockyards and shipyards has often caused them to change or merge roles. <br />
<br />
Shipyards are constructed nearby the sea or tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships. In the United Kingdom, for example, shipyards were established on the River Thames (King Henry VIII founded yards at Woolwich and Deptford in 1512 and 1513 respectively), River Mersey, River Tees, River Tyne, River Wear and River Clyde – the latter growing to be the World's pre-eminent shipbuilding centre.<br />
<br />
The site of a large shipyard will contain many specialised cranes, dry docks, slipways, dust-free warehouses, painting facilities and extremely large areas for fabrication of the ships." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipyard<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat_building</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Varnish_and_Paint_IndustryVarnish and Paint Industry2016-03-30T19:22:10Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Varnish, Lacquer, Paint, Mastic Varnish, Copal Varnish, Dammar Varnish<br />
|raw material=Flaxseed Oil, Linseed Oil, Pigments, Lac, Mastic, Copal, Dammar, Shellac, Resin, Indigo, Cochineal, Madder, Logwood, Cobalt, Charcoal, Gypsum, Cadmium, Lapis Lazuli, Sienna, Umber, Cinnabar, Iron Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Lead Oxide, Manganese Oxide<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Needs more research.<br />
<br />
http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/II._Traditional_Artists'_Varnishes#B._THE_CLASSIFICATION_OF_NATURAL_MATERIALS_USED_AS_VARNISHES<br />
<br />
http://www.oldmastersmaroger.com/pages/Mastic-Varnish.html<br />
<br />
http://www.jamescgroves.com/copalvarnish.htm<br />
<br />
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/technical-bulletin/white_kirby2001<br />
<br />
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/artist-paints/colour-pigments.htm<br />
<br />
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/artist-paints/colour-palette-nineteenth-century.htm</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Varnish_and_Paint_IndustryVarnish and Paint Industry2016-03-30T19:22:00Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Varnish, Lacquer, Paint, Mastic Varnish, Copal Varnish, Dammar Varnish<br />
|raw material=Flaxseed Oil, Linseed Oil, Pigments, Lac, Mastic, Copal, Dammar, Shellac, Resin, Indigo, Cochineal, Madder Root, Logwood, Cobalt, Charcoal, Gypsum, Cadmium, Lapis Lazuli, Sienna, Umber, Cinnabar, Iron Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Lead Oxide, Manganese Oxide<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Needs more research.<br />
<br />
http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/II._Traditional_Artists'_Varnishes#B._THE_CLASSIFICATION_OF_NATURAL_MATERIALS_USED_AS_VARNISHES<br />
<br />
http://www.oldmastersmaroger.com/pages/Mastic-Varnish.html<br />
<br />
http://www.jamescgroves.com/copalvarnish.htm<br />
<br />
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/technical-bulletin/white_kirby2001<br />
<br />
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/artist-paints/colour-pigments.htm<br />
<br />
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/artist-paints/colour-palette-nineteenth-century.htm</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Varnish_and_Paint_IndustryVarnish and Paint Industry2016-03-30T19:21:45Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Varnish, Lacquer, Paint, Mastic Varnish, Copal Varnish, Dammar Varnish<br />
|raw material=Flaxseed Oil, Linseed Oil, Pigments, Lac, Mastic, Copal, Dammar, Shellac, Resin, Indigo, Cochineal, Madder, Logwood, Cobalt, Charcoal, Gypsum, Cadmium, Lapis Lazuli, Sienna, Umber, Cinnabar, Iron Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Lead Oxide, Manganese Oxide<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Needs more research.<br />
<br />
http://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/II._Traditional_Artists'_Varnishes#B._THE_CLASSIFICATION_OF_NATURAL_MATERIALS_USED_AS_VARNISHES<br />
<br />
http://www.oldmastersmaroger.com/pages/Mastic-Varnish.html<br />
<br />
http://www.jamescgroves.com/copalvarnish.htm<br />
<br />
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/technical-bulletin/white_kirby2001<br />
<br />
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/artist-paints/colour-pigments.htm<br />
<br />
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/artist-paints/colour-palette-nineteenth-century.htm</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Glass_IndustryGlass Industry2016-03-30T16:38:59Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Glass<br />
|raw material=Sand, Coal, Alkali, Soda Ash, Dolomite, Feldspar, Sodium Sulphate, Lead Oxide<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Need more research.<br />
<br />
https://books.google.ca/books?id=7ig5XnOx4RMC&lpg=PA83&ots=g0PPo8_e4b&dq=glass%20making%2019th%20century&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false<br />
<br />
http://www.britannica.com/art/glassware/Mid-15th-to-mid-19th-century</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Chemical_IndustryChemical Industry2016-03-29T01:15:14Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Fertilizers, Dyes, Pharmaceuticals, Glass, Alkalies, Soda Ash, Potash, Caustic Soda, Sulphur, Chlorine, Saltpeter, road tar, phenol, cresols, xylenols, naphthalene, pyridine bases, creosote, benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, ammonium sulphate solution, ammonia solution, sulphuric acid, picolines, quinoline, quinaldine, acenaphthene, anthracene,<br />
|raw material=Coal Tar, Ammonia, Salt, Guano, Niter, Saltpeter, Bones, Fish Skins, Barilla, Lime,<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
We need to do some research into the produces and raw materials of the 19th century chemical industry.<br />
<br />
http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/business-skills-and-commercial-awareness-for-chemists/docs/Rowe%20Chemical%20Industry.pdf<br />
<br />
http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/domain-knowledge-2/chemicals-industry/item/history-of-chemicals-industry<br />
<br />
http://www.professor-murmann.net/murmann_oeeh.pdf</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Chemical_IndustryChemical Industry2016-03-29T01:12:48Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Fertilizers, Glass, Dyes, Alkalies, Soda Ash, Potash, Caustic Soda, Sulphur, Chlorine, Saltpeter, road tar, phenol, cresols, xylenols, naphthalene, pyridine bases, creosote, benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, ammonium sulphate solution, ammonia solution, sulphuric acid, picolines, quinoline, quinaldine, acenaphthene, anthracene,<br />
|raw material=Coal Tar, Ammonia, Salt, Guano, Niter, Saltpeter, Bones, Fish Skins, Barilla, Lime,<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
We need to do some research into the produces and raw materials of the 19th century chemical industry.<br />
<br />
http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/business-skills-and-commercial-awareness-for-chemists/docs/Rowe%20Chemical%20Industry.pdf<br />
<br />
http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/domain-knowledge-2/chemicals-industry/item/history-of-chemicals-industry<br />
<br />
http://www.professor-murmann.net/murmann_oeeh.pdf</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Dye_and_Colour_IndustryDye and Colour Industry2016-03-29T01:06:59Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Dyes, Colours, Pigments, Alizarin, Aniline Dye<br />
|raw material=Coal Tar, Cochineal, Madder root, Myrabolan fruit, Pomegranate peel, Weld herb, Indigo, Logwood, Saffron<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_dye<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Chemical_IndustryChemical Industry2016-03-29T00:57:07Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
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<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Fertilizers, Glass, Dyes, Alkalies, Soda Ash, Potash, Caustic Soda, Sulphur, Chlorine, Saltpeter, road tar, phenol, cresols, xylenols, naphthalene, pyridine bases, creosote, benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, ammonium sulphate solution, ammonia solution, sulphuric acid, picolines, quinoline, quinaldine, acenaphthene, anthracene,<br />
|raw material=Coal Tar, Ammonia, Salt, Guano, Niter, Saltpeter, Bones, Fish Skins, Barilla, Lime,<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
We need to do some research into the produces and raw materials of the 19th century chemical industry.<br />
<br />
http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/business-skills-and-commercial-awareness-for-chemists/docs/Rowe%20Chemical%20Industry.pdf<br />
<br />
http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/domain-knowledge-2/chemicals-industry/item/history-of-chemicals-industry</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Dye_and_Colour_IndustryDye and Colour Industry2016-03-29T00:55:36Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Dyes, Colours, Pigments, Alizarin<br />
|raw material=Coal Tar, Cochineal, Madder root, Myrabolan fruit, Pomegranate peel, Weld herb, Indigo, Logwood, Saffron<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_dye<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Chemical_IndustryChemical Industry2016-03-29T00:40:47Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Alkalies, Soda Ash, Potash, Caustic Soda, Fertilizers, Sulphur, Chlorine, Saltpeter, road tar, phenol, cresols, xylenols, naphthalene, pyridine bases, creosote, benzene, toluene, xylene, solvent naphtha, ammonium sulphate solution, ammonia solution, sulphuric acid, picolines, quinoline, quinaldine, acenaphthene, anthracene, <br />
|raw material=Coal Tar, Ammonia, Salt, Guano, Niter, Saltpeter, Bones, Fish Skins, Barilla, Lime, <br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
We need to do some research into the produces and raw materials of the 19th century chemical industry.<br />
<br />
http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/business-skills-and-commercial-awareness-for-chemists/docs/Rowe%20Chemical%20Industry.pdf<br />
<br />
http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/domain-knowledge-2/chemicals-industry/item/history-of-chemicals-industry</div>EliseLehmannhttp://drcspatial.usask.ca/wiki/index.php/Glass_IndustryGlass Industry2016-03-29T00:01:30Z<p>EliseLehmann: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Industry<br />
|produces=Glass<br />
|raw material=Sand, Coal, Alkali<br />
}}<br />
==Description==<br />
Need more research.</div>EliseLehmann